微喷水肥一体化提高冬小麦产量与品质
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国家科技支撑计划(2015BAD22B03);国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300804);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-03-2-7);山西农科院攻关项目(YGG1614);2016年山西省研究生创新研究项目(0114/03010005)。


Effect of integral control of miro-sprinkling and fertilization on the population dynamics,yield and quality of winter wheat
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    摘要:

    为了探明山西南部麦区节水省氮合理运筹模式,通过田间试验研究了9个水氮组合模式对冬小麦群体动态、氮肥利用率、籽粒产量及品质的影响。结果表明:1.水氮互作对冬小麦拔节期单株分蘖、成穗数和籽粒产量均有极显著影响。以微喷4次(W2,越冬水、拔节水、孕穗水和灌浆水)和优化施氮(N3,施氮N 225 kg·hm-2,60%底施+30%拔节期追施+10%灌浆期追施)水氮一体化组合处理产量最高,与CK(越冬期和拔节期漫灌,习惯施氮)相比,冬前单株分蘖增加13%,产量和氮肥表观利用率分别提高9.36%和61.8%。2.相同灌水模式下,不同施氮处理间差异显著,其中微喷3次以目标产量施氮(N2)的产量最高;微喷4次以优化施氮(N3)产量最高,与习惯施氮(N1)相比,氮肥表观利用率提高了61.8%。3.相同施氮模式下,以微喷4次的产量最高。综合分析各水氮处理组合以W2N3的小麦产量和氮肥表观利用率均为最高,且节水节肥、籽粒品质最优,因此,推荐该模式为山西省南部小麦/玉米一年两熟区的节水节肥减施增效水氮运筹模式。

    Abstract:

    In order to explore the reasonable model of nitrogen application and irrigation of winter wheat for watersaving and nitrogensaving in southern Shanxi province,nine models were researched to reveal the effect of integral control of mirosprinkling with fertilization on the population dynamics,nutrient use efficiency,grain yield and grain quality.The results showed:1.the effects of waternitrogen interaction on tiller number per plant,panicle number and yield were highly significant.The highest yield of winter wheat was under the treatment of microsprinkling four times(W2,at prewinter,jointing,booting and grain filling stages)with optimized N fertilization(N3,by total N 225 kg·hm-2,60% basal + 30% topdressing at jointing stage + 10% topdressing at grain filling).Compared with common urea(flood irrigation at prewinter,jointing stages,farmer habitual N usage),tillers per plant enhanced by 13% at prewinter stage,yield and nitrogen uptake rate increased by 9.36% and 61.8%,respectively.2.Under the same irrigation mode,there were significant difference between different nitrogen treatments.When microsprinkling times was three,the target nitrogen treatment(N2)had the highest yield;When microsprinkling times was four,the optimized N fertilization treatment(N3)had the highest yield.Compared with farmer habitual N usage treatments,nitrogen uptake rate by N3 increased by 61.8%.3.Under the same nitrogen mode,highest yield of winter wheat was under the treatments of microsprinkling four times.Comprehensive analysis of the water and nitrogen treatment combinations,the model of W2N3 obtained highest yield,nitrogen uptake rate,watersaving and nitrogensaving,and the best grain quality.Therefore,the model of W2N3was recommended for watersaving and nitrogensaving in annual doubleripe crop(winter wheat/summer maize)area in southern Shanxi province.

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张孟妮,毛平平,王丽,宜丽宏,党建友,吴会军, 李银坤,裴雪霞,张晶,张永清*,武雪萍*.微喷水肥一体化提高冬小麦产量与品质[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017,(4):86-92.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-12-20
  • 最后修改日期:2017-02-25
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  • 在线发布日期: 2017-08-14
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