In view of the unreasonable P application of rice at Yellow River irrigation area in Ningxia,the rice yield and nutrient efficiency of P fertilizer and corresponding cultivation mode were explored to aid in the production of rice.A field experiment was conducted to study the impact of P application rates（P2O5 0，45，90，135，180 kg/hm2）on grain yield,different organs N,P,K nutrient content,cumulant and its allocation proportion.At the same time the P utilization efficiency and soil P balance under transplanting and direct seeding cultivation modes were researched.The results showed that：transplanting cultivation increased rice actual grain yield by 15.6% compared to direct seeding cultivation,decreased empty grain yield by 184.0%.The rice yield increased with increasing application rate of P fertilizer under both two cultivation modes.The transplanting cultivation increased rice yield rate range from 64.6% to 68.7%,while the direct seeding cultivation ranged from 24.2% to 42.6%.The effects of P application rates and grain yield were quadratic related significantly（P<0.01).For the maximum yield P application rate was 158.5 kg/hm2 and the best economic yield P application rate was 146.7 kg/hm2 under the transplanting cultivation,which were 11.42% and 8.9% lower than direct seeding cultivation.Compared with direct seeding cultivation,the transplanting cultivation increased the grain and N accumulation in shoots by 12.3% and 12.01%,reduced the P accumulation rates by 6.39% and 2.61%,and increased the K accumulation rates by 11.67% and 17.87%,respectively.The N,P,K consumption ratio of grain 100 kg under direct seeding cultivation was 1∶0.35∶0.6,while under transplanting treatment was 1∶0.30∶0.64.The rice P use efficiency,partial factor productivity,agronomic efficiency,and physiological efficiency under transplanting cultivation respectively increased by 17.4%，8.6%，38.4%，4.6% comparing to the direct seeding cultivation.The P content of rice decreased with the amount of P in excess of 135 kg/hm2 under both cultivation modes.While the apparent balance of P showed as surplus in all P application rates.In conclusion,from the aspects of rice yield,efficiency,recovery rate of P fertilizer and maintaining soil P balance,the P fertilizer application rate for rice which ranged from P2O5 146.7~158.5 kg/hm2 under transplanting cultivation and P2O5 159.8~176.6 kg/hm2 under direct seeding cultivation in this study could be the appropriate threshold.