Famers are the main investors during agriculture production,they are the main body of using the chemical fertilizers,so paying more attention to famers fertilization behavior and its influencing factors has very important significance to protect the agricultural ecological environment.Based on 281 valid questionnaires in Zhumadian region of Henan province,this study adopted structural equation model(SEM)to investigate the influence on farmers fertilization behavior,the result showed the awareness of the excessive use of chemical fertilizers,the awareness of organic fertilizers effect,congnition of effect of using organic fertilizer,and human capital promotion had positive significant influence on farmers manure application behavior,the standardized regression weights were 0.194 6,0.634,0.486 respectively,these factors also had positive significant influence on farmers commercial organic fertilizer application behavior,the standardized regression weights were 0.102 8,0.335,0.568 respectively,but they had insignificant influence on farmers rational use of chemical fertilizer ,the standardized regression weights were 0.142 6,-0.024,0.194 respectively.Acguaint fertilizer information had positive insignificant on farmers rational chemical fertilizer application,the standardized regression weight was 0.087.In the end some suggestions like strengthening education naying more attention to farmers training,improving the effect of organic fertilizer application of farmers cognition and the farmyard manure subsidy policy were put forward.