外源碳、氮处理对春小麦花后干物质积累及籽粒产量的影响
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国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项基金项目(201303007);黑龙江科技攻关项目(GZ11B101);黑龙江农垦总局科技攻关项目(HNK125A-01-02);省重点学科科研骨干启动金(2014100008)。


Effect of spraying urea and sucrose on dry matter accumulation and grain yield at postanthesis of spring wheat
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    为探明小麦花后碳、氮代谢平衡对干物质积累和产量的影响,采用质量浓度2%的尿素和5%的蔗糖作为外源氮、碳调控物质,在强筋型龙麦33和中强筋型克旱19两种类型春小麦的抽穗期叶面喷施,分别于喷施后5、10、15、22、29和36 d取样,测定小麦植株不同部位器官的干重,并于成熟收获后取样测定产量构成。结果表明:小麦抽穗后旗叶的干物质积累逐渐增加,而倒二叶的干物质积累降低,但籽粒灌浆阶段,旗叶和倒二叶总的干重趋于稳定,进入籽粒成熟期后重量急剧降低;穗下节鞘、倒二节鞘的干物质积累呈单峰曲线,节鞘干物质积累量占地上部干物质积累的比例逐渐降低。外源氮处理缓解了旗叶干重损失,促进了穗下节鞘和倒二节鞘的干物质积累,而外源碳处理反之。外源碳、氮处理不同程度提高了穗轴单位长度干重,显著降低了无效小穗比率,提高了穗粒数和千粒重,尤其是外源氮处理作用显著,龙麦33和克旱19的无效小穗比率分别降低了3.3%、3.7%,穗粒数增加了19.7%、8.4%,千粒重分别增加了2.7、1.4 g,外源喷施蔗糖、尿素使龙麦33和克旱19的单产分别提高了6.9%、15.8%和10.1%、16.9%。因此,外源氮、碳处理通过增加旗叶干物质积累促进了穗轴单位长度干重,提高物质向穗部的输导能力,从而减少了无效小穗,提高了穗粒数和千粒重,增加了籽粒产量,尤其是氮处理作用显著。

    Abstract:

    In this study,2% urea and 5% sucrose were used as regulation substance of exogenous carbon and nitrogen in order to analyze the effect of carbon and nitrogen on dry matter accumulation and yield in wheat.Foliarspraying was carried in Longmai 33(stronggluten)and Kehan 19(medium gluten)during the heading period,and samples were taken at 5,10,15,22,29 and 36 days after spraying,dry matter of different organs and yield forming after mature were determined.The results showed that dry matter accumulation of flag leaf gradually increased after heading,however,the second upper leaves decreased,but total dry matter accumulation of flag leaf and the top second leaf stabilized during grain filling,and weight dramatically reduced during the grain maturity.Dry matter accumulation of sheath and the top second stem in peduncle showed a singlepeak curve,and the proportion of dry matter accumulation of stemsheath in accumulation of aboveground dry matter gradually decreased.The treatment of exogenous urea relieved the dry matter loss of flag leaf,promoted dry matter accumulation of sheath and stem in peduncle and the top second leaf,whereas the exogenous sucrose treatment was the opposite.The treatment of exogenous urea and sucrose increased spikestalk dry weight per unit length at different degree,however,decreased dramatically void spikelet ratio,improved grains per spike and 1 000 kernel weight,especially void spikelet ratio decreased by 3.3% and 3.7%,grains per spike dramatically increased by 19.7% and 8.4%,1 000 kernel weight increased by 2.7 g and 1.4 g in Longmai 33 and Kehan 19 under the treatment of exogenous urea,respectively.The yield was improved by 6.9% and 15.8%,10.1% and 16.9% in Longmai 33 and Kehan 19 in spraying sucrose and urea.Therefore, exogenous carbon and nitrogen promoted spikestalk dry weight per unit length, increased transporting ability of matter to the spikelet by increasing dry matter accumulation of flag leaf, thereby reduced the invalid spikelet, improved grains per spike and 1 000 kernel weight, especially nitrogen treatment effect is remarkable.

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郭伟,李建伟,邹春雷,于立河*.外源碳、氮处理对春小麦花后干物质积累及籽粒产量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017,(5):17-22.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-11-23
  • 最后修改日期:2016-12-18
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  • 在线发布日期: 2017-11-01
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