The purpose of this research is to study the effects of different drip irrigation methods on soil biological activities by a comparative analysis of soil microbial quantities and soil enzyme activities in well irrigation area of Henan.Two levels drip irrigation quota（I:127.5 mm，90 mm）and interval（D:80 cm，60 cm）were conducted，respectively.In total，4 kinds of drip irrigation treatments were set up in the winter wheat field experiment.The topsoil samples of the treatments in winter wheat field were collected to analyze the quantities of soil bacteria，fungi and actinomycetes and the activities of soil enzymes（invertase，urease，phosphatase，CAT，dehydrogenase，PPO）during the periods of the flowering，filling and maturing of winter wheat.The soil microbial quantities，soil enzyme activities and wheat yield were determined and analyzed，respectively.The results showed that，1）Soil bacteria and actinomycetes grew vigorously of I127.5D80，followed by I90D60，especially in the period of mature.Compared with I127.5D60，the quantities of soil bacteria and actinomycetes of I1275D80 were increased by 5.48 times and 10.04 times，respectively；2）The dehydrogenase activity of I127.5D80 treatment was significantly higher than those of other treatments in mature stage，and CAT activity was significantly lower than other treatments in flowering and filling stage.Compared to I127.5D60，I90D60，I90D80，the dehydrogenase activity of I127.5D80 treatments were increased by 208.33%，50%，18.09% in mature stage，respectively，CAT activity decreased by 43.52%，46.74%，55.91% and 53.25%，10.88%，55.12% in flowing and grain filling stage，respectively.3）There was a significant positive correlation between the response coefficient of soil biology and wheat yield，both the response coefficient and wheat yield of I127.5D80 were the highest.In a word，I127.5D80 treatment is the optimal selection of drip irrigation.