氮肥施用对科尔沁地区粮饲兼用玉米氮素积累及氮效率的影响
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第41批教育部留学回国人员科研启动基金;内蒙古自然科学基金[2016MS0335和2017MS(LH)0308]。


Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on N accumulation and N efficiency of dualpurpose maize in Korqin
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    摘要:

    针对科尔沁地区粮饲兼用玉米高产栽培中氮肥用量偏多的问题,研究氮肥施用对科尔沁地区粮饲兼用玉米氮素积累及氮效率的影响。2012~2013年两个玉米生长季,以“金山10”为试验材料,设5个施肥处理:不施氮肥(CK);低氮180 kg/hm2(L);推荐施氮量260 kg/hm2(R);氮肥配施有机肥,总施氮量260 kg/hm2(C);农民传统施氮270 kg/hm2(F)。结果表明:在5个施肥处理中,以氮肥配施有机肥处理玉米产量最高,该处理生物产量和经济产量分别比其它施肥处理增加了3.52%~62.77%和6.29%~56.02%。氮肥利用效率表现为CK处理最高,氮肥施用量高时氮肥利用效率低。氮肥配施有机肥处理氮肥回收效率、生理效率和农学效率高于其它施肥处理,该处理这3项指标和其它施肥处理间差异达到极显著水平(P<0.01),该处理氮肥回收效率、生理效率和农学效率分别比低氮处理高10.70%~16.22%、2.81%~6.21%和5.16%~6.90%,比推荐施氮处理高3.44%~7.36%、1.62%~4.49%和3.42%~3.50%,比农民传统施氮处理高4.89%~8.60%、1.11%~5.70%和3.79%~4.49%。增施氮肥和氮肥配施有机肥提高了粮饲兼用玉米氮素积累量,后者氮素积累总量比其它施肥处理分别高1.88~11.42 g/m2(2012年)和0.86~11.88 g/m2(2013年),比推荐施氮和农民传统施氮处理分别高0.89~1.71 g/m2和0.86~1.93 g/m2。科尔沁地区粮饲兼用玉米高产栽培中,氮肥配施有机肥有利于提高粮饲兼用玉米的产量,增加氮素积累量,是该地区比较合理的施肥方式,上述研究以期为科尔沁地区粮饲兼用玉米的合理施肥提供理论依据。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at unreasonable fertilizer application,effects of N fertilizer application on N accumulation and N efficiency of dualpurpose maize was studied in Korqin.Maize cultivar of“Jinshan 10”was selected as tested material in a field experiment in consecutive two growing seasons in Korqin.Five treatments were designed,including no N fertilizer(CK);Low N rate of 180 kg/hm2(L);Recommended N rate of 260 kg/hm2(R);Combination of nitrogen and organic matter,total N rate of 260 kg/hm2(C);Farmers current N rate of 270 kg/hm2(F).The results indicated that the highest yield was obtained in C treatment,in which,the biomass and the yield were 3.52%~62.77% and 6.29%~56.02% higher than that in other treatments.The highest NUE occurred in CK treatment,and the NUE was lower with more N application.NRE in C treatment were 10.70%~16.22%,3.44%~7.36% and 4.89%~8.60% higher than those in L,R and F treatment(P<001),NPE in C treatment were 2.81%~6.21%,1.62%~4.49% and 1.11%~5.70% higher than those in L,R and F treatment(P<001),and NAE in C treatment were 5.16%~6.90%,3.42%~3.50% and 3.79%~4.49% higher than those in L,R and F treatment(P<0.01).N accumulation amount was improved through application of more N fertilizer and combination of N fertilizer and manure,the N accumulation in C treatment increased by 1.88~11.42 g/m2(in the year of 2012)and 0.86~11.88 g/m2(in the year of 2013)than those in other treatments,and which was 0.89~1.71 g/m2 and 0.86~1.93 g/m2 higher than that in R and F treatment.Manure N and fertilizer N combination was necessary for the forage maize production,as it could not only improve biomass and the grain yield,but also increase N accumulation amount,which was good for dualpurpose maize in Korqin.This study supplied the basis for reasonable fertilizer application about highyield cultivation of dualpurpose maize in Korqin.

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宋桂云,侯迷红,孙德智,苏雅乐,苏慧,马金慧,马玉露.氮肥施用对科尔沁地区粮饲兼用玉米氮素积累及氮效率的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017,(6):93-98.

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  • 收稿日期:2017-01-25
  • 最后修改日期:2017-04-05
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  • 在线发布日期: 2017-12-22
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