我国土壤调理剂中重金属元素及其相关原料农业资源化利用现状
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中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2014-6);国家重点研发计划项目课题(2016YFD0201303)。


Study on current situation of harmful elements in soil conditioners of China and the agricultural resource utilization of relevant raw materials
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    摘要:

    通过对土壤调理剂主要原料的分类分析,研究我国主要土壤调理剂产品中Hg、As、Cd、Pb、Cr 5种重金属元素含量及不合格率等现状,就相关原料农业资源化利用进行探讨,为我国土壤调理剂行业管理提供技术支撑。分析样品主要来自农业部肥料登记检验样品,部分样品来自企业质量跟踪或质量复核样品,以及调研采集样品;采用农业推荐性标准NY/T 1978-2010《肥料 汞、砷、镉、铅、铬含量的测定》进行重金属元素含量检测,根据农业部肥料和土壤调理剂登记标准进行结果判定。在4种类型的土壤调理剂中,有机源土壤调理剂、化学源土壤调理剂和农林保水剂3类产品在本试验所有样本中均未出现不合格情况。矿物源土壤调理剂中存在As、Pb、Cr 3种重金属元素超过限量规定的情况,尤其Pb元素导致的不合格率达20.9%,Pb含量检测平均值为42.5 mg/kg,已经接近限量标准(50 mg/kg),Pb含量最高检测值达到204 mg/kg,是导致矿物源土壤调理剂不合格的主要原因。通过土壤调理剂主要原料的分类分析,发现导致Pb元素超标所用原料主要包括钾长石、牡蛎壳、钢渣、钼尾矿、磷矿石+碱渣等5种。因此,我国土壤调理剂产品中重金属元素情况总体处于相对安全的水平范围内,有机源土壤调理剂、化学源土壤调理剂和农林保水剂质量情况较好,而矿物源土壤调理剂中As、Pb、Cr元素存在一定质量问题,尤其是Pb元素质量问题突出。关于钾长石、牡蛎壳作为土壤调理剂原料农用,笔者认为应注意严格控制重金属元素含量,避免因原料引起产品重金属元素超标,而钢渣则建议慎重作为土壤调理剂原料使用。

    Abstract:

    The contents,fraction defective and other current situations of Hg,As,Cd,Pb and Cr in the main soil conditioners in China were analyzed by the classification of the main raw materials of the conditioners.The agricultural resource utilization of relevant raw materials was discussed,to provide technical support for industry management of soil conditioners in China.The samples were mainly from those of fertilizer registration tests of Ministry of Agriculture,some of which were from those in quality tracking or review of enterprises,and research collection.Harmful element content was detected using agricultural recommendation standard NY/T 19782010“Determination of mercury,arsenic,cadmium,lead and chromium content for fertilizers”,and determined according to the fertilizer and soil conditioner registration standards of the Ministry of Agriculture.The results showed that no fraction defective appeared in the organic soil conditioner,the chemical soil conditioner and the agroforestry absorbent polymer of all samples of this experiment.As,Pb,and Cr in the some mineral soil conditioner samples exceeded the limit,especially the Pbinduced failure rate was 20.9%.The average Pb content was 42.5 mg/kg,which was close to the limit standard (50 mg/kg).The highest value of Pb content was 204 mg/kg,which was the main reason for the failure of soil conditioner.Through the analysis of the main raw materials of the soil conditioner,it was found that the raw materials used leading to Pb out of limits included potash feldspar,oyster shell,steel slag,molybdenum tailings and phosphate rock+alkali residue.Overall,the content of harmful elements in soil conditioner was within the relatively safe range.The organic soil conditioner,chemical soil conditioner and agroforestry absorbent polymer were good in quality,but As,Pb and Cr elements in the mineralsourced soil conditioner had certain quality problems,especially Pb.As to the potash feldspar and oyster shell as soil conditioner raw materials for agricultural use,it is believed that attention should be paid to strictly control the content of harmful elements,to avoid harmful elements out of limits caused by raw materials,and steel slag should be used as a raw material of the soil conditioner with discretion.

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孙蓟锋,王旭,刘红芳,保万魁,侯晓娜.我国土壤调理剂中重金属元素及其相关原料农业资源化利用现状[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017,(6):149-154.

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  • 收稿日期:2017-02-07
  • 最后修改日期:2017-08-11
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  • 在线发布日期: 2017-12-22
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