撒施液体复合肥后不同蓄水深度的水分管理对稻田养分流失潜力的影响
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国家自然科学基金(31360322);广西自然科学基金(2014jjAA30205)。


Effects of water management from different water storage depth after fluid compound fertilizer application on nutrient loss potential of paddy field
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    摘要:

    为探究施用液体复合肥水分管理对春耕稻田养分流失潜力的影响,采用“滞水时间控制”与“单排单灌水分管理系统”相结合的关键技术,对3(H3)、6(H6)和9 cm(H9)3个蓄水深度处理小区田面水中氮、磷养分流失潜力进行了研究。结果表明:(1)H3的NO-3-N的相对流失量在第1 d后呈整体上升趋势,于第5 d达2.5 mg,而H9和H6则呈下降趋势;H6于第3 d后呈反弹上升趋势,但3个蓄水处理NO-3-N的流失潜力处于较低的水平。(2)H6、H3和H9在第1 d,NH+4-N的相对流失量分别达151.26、90.75和48.24 mg,处于较高水平,之后则呈下降趋势,于第5 d达较低水平,但总体上呈H6>H9>H3的态势。(3)H6和H9于第1~3 d,总磷相对流失量分别达105.88和118.29 mg,处于较高水平,第3 d后呈下降趋势,但幅度不大;H3呈缓慢上升趋势,于第1 d和第3 d达峰值,分别为50.11和50.57 mg,之后则缓慢下降至第5 d的较低水平。(4)H6、H9和H3田面水总氮的相对流失量,于第1 d达峰值,分别为521.64、372.06、293.12 mg,之后迅速下降至第3 d的较低水平,但总体上呈H6>H9>H3。施用液体复合肥后,由于硝化作用不强,NO-3-N的流失潜力不大;将H3和H9处理滞水至第5~7 d后排水,可有效减少NH+4-N的排放;将H3处理滞水至第5 d后排水,可有效减少总磷的排放;将H3和H9处理,滞水至第5 d或第7 d排水,可有效减少总氮的排放。因此,就春耕稻田撒施液体复合肥而言,选择蓄水3 cm,并滞水至第5 d后排水,为一种清洁的水分管理模式。

    Abstract:

    In order to explore the effects of water management from different water storage depth after fluid compound fertilizer application on nutrient loss potential of paddy field,the key technologies of “stagnant water time control” and “irrigation water management system” were used to study the loss potential of nitrogen and phosphorus from three different depth test fields which were 3(H3),6(H6)and 9 cm(H9).The results showed that:(1)The relative loss load of NO-3N for H3 increased after the first day,and reached 2.5 mg in the fifth day,while the H9 and H6 decreased with time,but H6 showed an increasing trend after the third day.However,the loss potential of NO-3N in the three storage treatments were at a relative low level;(2)The relative loss loads of NH+4N for H6,H3 and H9 reached higher level of 151.26,90.75 and 48.24 mg in the first day,respectively,then decreased to a lower level in the fifth day,the relative loss load generally was in the order of H6 >H9 >H3;(3)The relative loss loads of TP for H6 and H9 reached a higher level of 105.88 mg and 118.29 mg during the first day to the third day,respectively,then gradually decreased,but were not significant.The relative loss load of TP for H3 increased slowly and reached the peak of 50.11 mg and 50.57 mg in the first and third day,respectively,then decreased slowly and reached the lower level in the fifth day;(4)The relative loss loads of TN for H6,H9 and H3 were 521.64,372.06,293.12 mg in the first day,respectively,then rapidly decreased to the lower level in the third day,but it generally was in the order of H6 > H9 > H3.The loss potential of NO-3N was not significant after application of fluid fertilizer due to the weak nitrification;When drainage of the stagnant water occurred after the fifth day to the seventh day,the treatment H3 and H9 effectively reduced the discharge of NH+4N;When drainage occurred after the fifth day,the treatment of H3 effectively reduced the discharge of TP;When drainage occurred after the fifth day or the seventh day,the treatment of H3 and H9 effectively reduced the discharge of TN in the paddy field.Therefore,it is a clean water management mode to choose storage water's height 3 cm,and draining water after stagnant water to the fifth day in the spring ploughing paddy field in terms of fluid compound fertilizer application.

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冯国禄*,李书迪,许尤厚,杨斌.撒施液体复合肥后不同蓄水深度的水分管理对稻田养分流失潜力的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2018,(1):83-86.

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  • 收稿日期:2017-05-06
  • 最后修改日期:2017-07-16
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  • 在线发布日期: 2018-03-05
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