The main objectives of this research were to provide the scientific reference for the use of peanut shell biochar as a soil amendment to improve the soil quality and vegetable yield.A field experiment was conducted from October 2014 to January 2016 under four biochar application rates (0 t·hm-2，2.5 t·hm-2，5 t·hm-2，10 t·hm-2respectively) with Greengrocery(Brassicachinensis L.)Romaine lettuce(Lactuca sativa varlongifoliaf.Lam)Lettuce(var.ramosa Hort.)rotations.The yield，soluble sugar，nitrate and vitamin C contents of each stubble vegetable were determined.The pH value，Alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen，available phosphorus，available potassium and organic carbon contents of soil after each stubble vegetable harvested were also analyzed.The peanut shell biochar treatments increased soil pH value by 0.1~0.8，soil organic carbon by 1.4%~31.4% and vegetable yield by 62%~965%.There was no significant influence of peanut shell biochar on the soluble sugar，nitrate and Vc contents of each stubble vegetable.Peanut shell biochar increased the soil available potassium content of the first two crops，but had no influence on next crops.Compared with the control treatment，5 t·hm-2 of peanut shell biochar (as an optimum application rate) increased soil pH value by 0.3~0.8，soil organic carbon by 4.6%~19.0%，and vegetable yield by 7.9%~96.5%.After the last vegetable，soil pH，soil organic carbon content and vegetable yield under 5 t·hm-2 biochar treatment were still 16.9%，8.5% and 18.7% higher than those of control treatment.The application of peanut shell biochar could effectively alleviate the acidity of the soil，significantly enhance soil organic carbon content and vegetable yield.And the residual effect can could keep at least 16 months.