To provide scientific basis for optimizing fertilization management measures,effects of longterm fertilization on labile organic carbon(LOC)and carbon management index(CMI)in three upland soils(black soil,fluvoaquic soil and red soil)and one paddy soil in China were studied.The results showed that the mean values of total organic carbon(TOC)and LOC in paddy soil were higher than those in upland soils.For chemical fertilizer treatment(NPK),the TOC,LOC and CMI in the three upland soils slightly increased compared with the control treatment(CK),while there was no significant difference in paddy soil.For chemical fertilizer with straw treatment(NPKS),the TOC,LOC,the proportion of LOC to TOC(LOC/TOC)and CMI significantly increased both in upland soils and paddy soil,of which the TOC and LOC increased most in fluvoaquic soil by 37.6% and 66.9%,respectively.For chemical fertilizer with manure treatment(NPKM),the TOC,LOC,LOC/TOC and CMI increased markedly among all treatments in upland soils and paddy soil,and increased most in the black soil by 90.3%,140.9%,5.1% and 277%,respectively.In conclusion,LOC and CMI in upland soils and paddy soil had the same response under different fertilization treatments.Chemical fertilizer combined with manure significantly increased the LOC and CMI with the order of NPKM＞NPKS＞NPK.