In order to explore the red soil quality and its limitation factors of slope farmland plough layer in Jiangxi province,a systematic analysis of statistical characteristics,evolution and main limitation factors of red soil quality of slope farmland plough layer was made through field surveys,data inspection and laboratory analysis of soil physical and chemical properties.The results showed that the slope of red soil slope farmland was mainly located between 2~16°,the average thickness of plough layer was 13.4 cm,the average thickness of effective soil layer was 88.3 cm,the average value of soil bulk density was 1.17 g/cm3,the average value of organic matter content was 19.37 g/kg,the average value of soil pH was 5.36.The quality of plough layer in red soil slope farmland had been improved in the past 20 years,the slope of farmland had been reduced from 6° to 4 °,and the thickness of plough layer had been increased from 13.68 cm to 16.42 cm,the content of organic matter was 24.63 g/kg and increased by 33.93%,the content of total nitrogen,active phosphorus and available potassium increased by 10.53%,230.98% and 44.18% respectively.The main obstacle factors of soil quality of low yield plough layer in red soil slope farmland were the soil nutrient depletion,viscosity and acidification.The soil bulk density and clay content of the low yield plough layer of peanut and cassava were higher than that of high yield plough layer,and soil porosity,field holding water,organic matter content and pH value were lower than that of high yield plough layer.The soil quality of high yield plough layer was better than low yield plough layer in red soil slope farmland.The research results could provide a scientific reference for the improvement of red soil quality and the construction of reasonable slope farmland plough layer in Jiangxi province.