不同氮素形态比对雾培马铃薯生长和原原种产量的影响
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“十三五”四川省薯类育种攻关项目(2016NYZ0032);四川省财政创新能力提升工程项目(青年基金)。


Effect of different ammonium/nitrate ratios on potato growth and prebasic seed production
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    摘要:

    通过雾培试验研究4种不同比例硝态氮(NO-3-N)和铵态氮(NH+4-N)对马铃薯品种米拉和川芋802植株生长及原原种生产的影响,为种薯生产的氮肥高效利用提供理论依据。结果表明,定植60 d,全硝态氮处理(0∶4)的植株干物质积累、匍匐茎数量及叶面积指数最高;而增铵营养更利于植株定植60 d后的生长发育,其中铵硝比(2∶2)处理下植株干物质积累、匍匐茎数量、叶面积指数增幅最大,表明块茎形成期全硝态氮更利于植株生长。铵硝比(2∶2)处理下,两个品种的氮积累最高,表明增加一定的铵态氮能增强马铃薯氮素利用率。产量上,全硝态氮处理(0∶4)单株结薯数最高(米拉115.5粒/株,川芋802为42.5粒/株),随铵硝比增大,单株结薯数降低,但大薯比例随之提高,最高为铵硝比(3∶1)处理(米拉64%,川芋802.76%)。因此,全硝态氮能增加结薯数量,增铵能促进马铃薯块茎膨大。

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    Research was carried out with two varieties (Mira and Chuanyu 802) by aeroponics to study the effects of nitrogen forms on potato growth and minituber yield to reveal the mechanism for efficient use of nitrogen fertilizer in potato seed production.There were four different proportions of nitrate nitrogen (NO-3-N) and ammonium nitrogen (NH+4-N).The result indicated that compared with other treatments,the solution with the ratio of NH+4-N∶NO-3-N(0∶4) accelerated potato vegetative growth,with the highest plant dry matter content,stolon number and leaf area index of potato within 60 days after transplanting.After transplanting 60 days,the enhanced ammonium nutrition was more conducive to the growth and development of potato.And the increase of plant dry matter content,stolon number and leaf area index,were highest when the ratio of NH+4-N∶NO-3-N was 2∶2.It showed that NO-3-N was more favorable for plant at the early stage of growth.The ratio of NH+4-N∶NO-3-N (2∶2) also improved the nitrogen accumulation of potato,which showed that a certain increase of NH+4-N also improved the nitrogen use efficiency of potato.As the NH+4-N∶NO-3-N ratio of 0∶4,the total number of tubers was 115.5 per plant of Mira and 42.5 per plant of Chuanyu 802 which was higher than the other ratios of NH+4-N∶NO-3-N.As the increase of the ratio of NH+4-N in the nutrient solution,the number of tuber per plant decreased,while the production of qualified minituber increased.Therefore,the total nitrate nitrogen could increase the number of tubers and the enhanced ammonium nutrition could promote potato tuber expansion.

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唐铭霞,王克秀,胡建军,贾巍巍,何卫*.不同氮素形态比对雾培马铃薯生长和原原种产量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2018,(3):20-25.

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  • 在线发布日期: 2018-06-25
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