玉米不同生育期土壤氨基糖动态变化特征
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国家自然基金项目(41501307);宁波市自然科学基金项目(2014A610102);新疆维吾尔自治区2015高层次人才引进工程项目。


Dynamics of amino sugar N in different growth stages of maize with different fertilization management
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    摘要:

    分析肥料施用及肥料与秸秆配施后土壤氨基糖在玉米不同生长时期的动态变化和研究微生物来源物质的转化迁移特征,这对研究土壤有机质循环和C、N截获有重要意义,这也可为研究微生物对土壤有机质(SOM)转化和积累的动力学过程提供理论基础。本试验依托中科院沈阳应用生态研究所野外生态站进行田间微区试验,选取化肥[(NH4)2SO4]和化肥+秸秆(玉米秸秆)配施两个处理的0~10和10~20 cm层次的土壤作为研究对象,取样时间分别设为播种前、拔节期、吐丝期、灌浆期、成熟期,本文通过分析玉米不同生长期土壤氨基糖氮的动态变化以揭示土壤-微生物的相互作用对土壤肥力的调控。单施化肥处理在0~10和10~20 cm两个层次下土壤总氨基糖氮总体呈下降趋势,从播种期到灌浆期0~10 cm层次3种氨基单糖(氨基葡萄糖、氨基半乳糖、胞壁酸)氮也都表现出下降趋势。秸秆配施处理下0~10 cm层次与单施化肥相比氨基糖氮含量低。两种处理下均表现为在拔节期时10~20 cm层次真菌群落比细菌群落占优势,而0~10 cm层次细菌群落占优势。从吐丝期到灌浆期,单施化肥处理下细菌群落强于真菌群落,而秸秆配施处理下真菌群落明显强于细菌群落。土壤氨基糖在作物不同生长期作为碳氮源可以被植物和微生物有效利用。秸秆降解过程中微生物代谢类型发生变化,秸秆降解可为微生物提供养分,同时微生物对养分的需求出现明显转变,从而使得秸秆配施影响了微生物数量。在玉米整个生长期,土壤微生物群落会发生变化,初期以细菌群落为主,细菌残留物对土壤有机质的积累贡献大,生长中期真菌开始占主导地位,秸秆配施有利于真菌群落积累。

    Abstract:

    Amino sugars are widely known as biomarkers of microbial residues and can link the microbial process and nutrient utilization.The seasonal dynamics of the soil amino sugars under the treatments of fertilizer and straw were analyzed in this paper.This research was significant to reveal the C and N circulation in agroecosystem soil.In order to probe into the dynamics of soil amino acids and the seasonal shift of microbial community structure in agricultural ecosystem,a field experiment was conducted and the two treatments included N fertilizer applications with and without crop stalk return.The distribution and seasonal dynamics of N in amino sugars were measured by gas chromatography (GC).In the treatment of N fertilizer without crop stalk,the total soil amino sugar N content declined during the growth stages under the two soil layers (0~10 and 10~20 cm) and among the seeding stage to filling stage,the N content in the each single amino sugar also showed down trend in the 0~10 cm layer.In the treatment of N fertilizer with stalk the total N content in amino sugars was lower than that in the treatment without stalk under the 0~10 cm layer.In jointing stage,the dominate community was bacteria in 0~10 cm layer,while in 10~20 cm layer the fungi community was in the ascendant.In the treatment of only N fertilizer the bacteria community was stronger than the fungi,while in the treatment of N fertilizer with stalk the fungi community became stronger than the bacteria community.As an important component of soil organic N pool,soil amino sugars could be effectively utilized for C and N supply by plants and microorganisms.Due to the change of microbial metabolic types,the microorganism’s demand for nutrients shifted apparently.The degradation of straw can provide nutrients for microorganisms,thus applying straw affected microbial populations.During the entire period of maize growth,soil microbial communities might change.At the early stage the priority was bacteria and bacterial residues contributed to the accumulation of soil organic matter,then the fungal communities began to dominate.Applying straw was beneficial to the accumulation of fungal communities.

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吕慧捷*,袁小伟*,何红波.玉米不同生育期土壤氨基糖动态变化特征[J].中国土壤与肥料,2018,(5):147-153.

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  • 在线发布日期: 2018-10-22
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