品种演替和土壤肥力对小麦产量和磷生理效率的影响
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Effects of variety succession and soil fertility on wheat yield and phosphorus physiological efficiency
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    以25年来长期定位施肥试验构建不同土壤肥力梯度为平台,研究品种演替过程中籽粒产量和磷效率对土壤肥力的响应。结果表明,各施肥处理,随品种演替小麦籽粒产量呈显著增加趋势,其中郑麦0856的产量最高(8 157.3 kg·hm-2),郑麦7698次之,豫麦13的产量最低(5 915.39 kg·hm-2);不施肥处理(CK)则下降。无论施肥或不施肥处理,100 kg小麦籽粒对磷素的需求量均随品种的演替呈上升趋势。此外,随品种演替,磷的生理效率呈先增加后降低的趋势,郑麦941(17248 kg·kg-1)的磷生理效率最高,郑麦9023(145.79 kg·kg-1)、郑麦7698(130.51 kg·kg-1)和郑麦0856(147.65 kg·kg-1)次之,三者之间差异不明显,豫麦13(66.71 kg·kg-1)的磷生理效率最低;同一品种,单施化肥处理(NPK)小麦磷生理效率显著高于其他施肥处理(MNPK、15MNPK和SNPK)(豫麦13除外)。同时,品种演变明显提高了磷农学效率;但在施肥条件下,继续增施肥料和养分投入使豫麦13、郑麦941、郑麦7698和郑麦9023的磷农学效率降低;而郑麦0856的农学效率随着土壤肥力的增加而增加,与籽粒产量协同提升。因此,黄淮海地区小麦品种演替在土壤肥力养分充足时籽粒产量显著提高,磷效率也呈增加的趋势。

    Abstract:

    Over a 25year period,we analysed the effects of grain yield and phosphorus physiological efficiency of different wheat cultivars to soil fertility levels.The results proved that the grain yield of wheat increased significantly with the succession of wheat varieties under different fertilization treatments.The grain yield of Zhengmai 0856 was the highest(8 157.3 kg·hm-2),Zhengmai 7698 was the second,and Yumai 13 was the lowest(5 915.39 kg·hm-2).In the absence of fertilizer treatment(CK),grain yield was decreased.The phosphorus requirement for producing 100 kg wheat grain showed an increasing trend with cultivar evolution regardless of the level of soil fertility.In addition,phosphorus physiological efficiency increased first and then decreased with the replacement of varieties.The phosphorus physiological efficiency of Zhengmai 941(172.48 kg·kg-1)was the highest,Zhengmai 9023(145.79 kg·kg-1),Zhengmai 7698(130.51 kg·kg-1)and Zhengmai 0856(147.65 kg·kg-1)took the second place,and that of Yumai 13(66.71 kg·kg-1)was the lowest.The phosphorus physiological efficiency of wheat with single fertilizer application(NPK)was significantly higher than that of other fertilizer treatments(MNPK,15MNPK and SNPK)except for Yumai 13.The evolution of varieties obviously improved phosphorus agronomic efficiency.But it reduced with the fertilizer and nutrient increasing under the condition of fertilization for Yumai 13,Zhengmai 941,Zhengmai 7698 and Zhengmai 9023.Agricultural efficiency and grain yield synergized for Zhengmai 0856 and increased with soil fertility increasing.Therefore,when the soil fertility was sufficient,the grain yield and phosphorus efficiency of wheat varieties in HuangHuaiHai area increased significantly.

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宋晓,黄绍敏*,郭斗斗,张水清,张珂珂,宋阿琳,岳克,张玉亭.品种演替和土壤肥力对小麦产量和磷生理效率的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2018,(6):45-52.

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  • 在线发布日期: 2018-12-19
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