增施CO2对设施土壤栽培番茄的生长、产量和养分吸收特性的影响
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山西省煤基重点科技攻关项目(FT201402-15);山西省农业科学院重点项目(YGG1629)。


The effects of increasing CO2 on the growths,yield and nutrient uptake of tomato cultivated in the greenhouse
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    摘要:

    在传统土壤栽培模式下,以越冬茬番茄为研究对象,设置自然环境(CK)和增施CO2气体两个处理,分析比较不同处理区CO2浓度和番茄干物质积累量、产量和氮磷钾养分吸收量的变化。结果表明,从移栽到定植后100 d(开花座果期),每天7:00~10:00期间,增施CO2和CK区温室内CO2浓度均大于设定的最低浓度700 μmol/mol。增施CO2提前了番茄的物候期,第一穗花期、座果期、果实膨大期、转色期和采收期相比CK区分别提前了4、4、6、15和22 d;增加了番茄的花层和果层数,对株高和叶片数无影响;产量比CK区提高了37.8%;增加了番茄干物质累积量,定植后90、135和180 d,总干物质累积量比CK区分别提高了10.2%、20.8%和26.0%,果实干物质累积量相比CK区分别增加了37.8%、87.2%和53.0%;增施CO2后番茄对氮、磷、钾累积吸收量相比CK区分别增加了42.5%、61.1%和50.6%。综上所述,从移栽到定植后100 d,每天10:00之前温室内CO2浓度在700 μmol/mol左右,无需对温室内补充CO2气体。增施CO2可使番茄各物候期明显提前,花层和果层数量明显增加。增施CO2后,番茄整个生育期对氮吸收量明显增加,开花座果期番茄对磷、钾吸收量显著增加,实际生产中增施CO2情况下需适当调整氮、磷、钾肥的投入。

    Abstract:

    The biomass,yield and the nutrient(N,P and K)uptake of tomato during the entire winterspring growing season in greenhouse under different CO2 treatments were determined in this study.The tomato was planted under natural environment(CK)and environment with increasing CO2 gas concentrations,respectively.The results showed that the CO2 concentrations with both treatments was higher than 700 μmol/mol from 0 to 100 days after transplantation(flowering stage).The phonological period came ahead of time by increasing CO2 concentration,the florescence of first panicle,fruiting stage,expanding,colorchanged period and harvesting stage of tomato under environment with increasing CO2 gas concentrations were 4,4,6,15 and 22 d earlier than thats tomato under CK.Compared with tomato under CK,the number of flower and fruit layers of tomato under environment with increasing CO2 gas concentration were significantly increased,whereas the height and the number of leaves did not.Under environment with increasing CO2 gas concentrations,the yield of tomato was increased by 37.8% and the total dry mass accumulation at 90,135 and 180 d after transplanting were increased by 10.2%,20.8% and 26.0%,respectively.Also the fruit dry mass accumulation were increased by 37.8%,87.2% and 53.0% respectively.The uptake of N,P and K were respectively increased by 42.5%,61.1% and 50.6% after increasing CO2 concentrations.In conclusion,increasing CO2 concentrations in greenhouse was not necessary from 7:00 to 10:00 during 0 to 100 d after transplanting because the concentrations of CO2 in greenhouse at that time was equal or slightly higher than 700 μmol/mol.The improvement of CO2 concentration in greenhouse significantly advanced the phenological period of tomato and increased the number of flower layer and fruit layer.After increasing the CO2 concentration in greenhouse,the nitrogen uptake of tomato obviously increased during the whole growth period.So the application of nitrogen fertilizer should be paid more attention in field management.In the periods from flowering stage to fruitset stage,the uptake of phosphorus and potassium in tomato also significantly increased,and the amount of phosphorus uptake was extremely significant.Therefore,attention should be paid to the application of phosphorus and potassium,especially phosphorus in field management.

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王立革,郭珺,韩雄,王劲松,董二伟,武爱莲,焦晓燕*.增施CO2对设施土壤栽培番茄的生长、产量和养分吸收特性的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2018,(6):174-181.

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  • 在线发布日期: 2018-12-19
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