琯溪蜜柚园土壤肥力和叶片营养随树龄的变化
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作者单位:

(1.园艺植物生物学教育部重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430070;2.华中农业大学新型肥料湖北省工程实验室 /微量元素研究中心,湖北 武汉 430070;3.福建省平和县农业局,福建 平和 363700)

作者简介:

雷靖(1993-),女,畲族,浙江衢州人,硕士研究生,研究方向为柑橘果实品质与营养。E-mail:1269780611@qq.com。

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基金项目:

基金项目:柑橘化肥农药减施技术集成研究与示范项目(2017YFD0202000);国家现代农业(柑橘)产业技术体系(CARS-26)养分管理与化肥减施增效岗位专项资金。


The changes of soil fertility and leaf nutrition of Guanxi pomelo orchards with tree-age
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(1.Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology,Ministry of Education,Wuhan Hubei 430070;2.Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer/Microelement Research Center of Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan Hubei 430070;3.Pinghe Agriculture Bureau,Fujian Province,Pinghe Fujian 363700)

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    摘要:

    对福建省平和县板仔、文峰、霞寨、小溪、五寨、国强 6个乡镇选择有代表性的 26个不同树龄(4~10、10~ 20和 20年以上)琯溪蜜柚园采集土壤及叶片样品,分析琯溪蜜柚园土壤肥力及叶片营养随树龄的变化。结果表明,26个琯溪蜜柚园土壤 pH值为 3.51~5.77,平均为4.26,处于极酸性;土壤碱解氮、速效钾、交换性钙和交换性镁含量均处于缺乏至极缺水平,土壤有效磷、有效铁和有效铜含量处于高量至过量水平,土壤有机质、交换性钙、交换性镁、有效锰含量随树龄增大而显著降低,土壤有效硼含量整体处于缺乏水平且随树龄增大而显著升高。26个柚园叶片钾、钙和镁含量适宜,磷、锰、铜和硼含量偏高至过量,幼龄树(4~ 10年)叶片氮、铁含量偏高,而低龄(4~ 10)、成龄(10~ 20年)树叶片锌含量偏低。由此说明,琯溪蜜柚园土壤肥力随树龄变化明显,其中土壤有机质及有效钙、镁、锰含量随树龄增加显著下降;柚树叶片养分含量随树龄变化不明显,其中磷、硼、锰、铜含量普遍偏高或过量而锌偏低。因此,必须重视投产以及老果园土壤管理,改良酸性,增施有机质,补充钙、镁营养,以保障树体营养平衡和果实品质。

    Abstract:

    Soil and leaf samples were collected from 26 Guanxi pomelo orchards of different tree-age(4~10,10~20,>20years)in the six towns of PingheCounty,FujianProvince,i.e.,Banzai,Wenfeng,Xiazhai,Xiaoxi,Wuzhai andGuoqiang and soil and leaf nutrients wereanalyzed.The results showed that soil pH value of 26 orchards ranged from 3.51to5.77,with an average of 4.26 which was extremelyacidic.The contents of alkalineN,availableK,exchangeable Caand Mg were all at shortage or extreme shortagelevels.The soil availableP,Fe and Cu contents ranged from high to excessivelevels.The contents of soilOM,exchangeable Ca andMg,effective Mn decreased significantly with tree-age.The contentof soil available B was at a deficient level and increased drastically with planting ages.The contents ofK,Ca and Mg of leavesof 26 orchards weresuitable,the contents ofP,Mn,Cu and B were high evenexcessive.The contents of N and Fe of leavesof young trees(4~ 10years)were high and Zn contents for young and elder trees(4~10,10~ 20years)were a bitlow.Therefore,the soil fertility of the Guanxi pomelo orchards changed remarkably with tree-age,the contents of soil OM,availableCa,Mg and Mn decreased significantly with the age of trees.The nutrient contents of the Guanxi pomelo leaves didn’t show significantly changes with tree-age.Meanwhile,the contents ofP,B,Mn,Cu of leaves were high orexcessive,while Zn was a bitlow.Therefore,for the sake of the balance of trees’nutritional and fruitquality,we shouldameliorate acidity and increaseOM,Ca and Mg nutrients in the management of old orchards.

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雷靖,孙冠利,庄木来,朱东煌,李潇彬,谭启玲,胡承孝.琯溪蜜柚园土壤肥力和叶片营养随树龄的变化[J].中国土壤与肥料,2019,(1):166-172.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-05-08
  • 最后修改日期:
  • 录用日期:2018-06-02
  • 在线发布日期: 2019-03-19
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