灌溉方式和改良措施对河套灌区盐渍土氨挥发的影响
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(1.内蒙古农业大学,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010011;2.内蒙古自治区土壤质量与养分资源重点实验室,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010011)

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基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0501300)《河套平原盐碱地生态治理关键技术研究与集成示范》。作者简介:常菲 (1993-),女,内蒙古呼和浩特人,硕士研究生,主要从事土壤利用与保护研究。E-mail:1157943673@qq.com。


Effects of irrigation methods and improvement measures on ammonia volatilization of saline soil in Hetao Irrigation Area
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(1.Inner MongoliaAgricultural University,Hohhot Inner Mongolia010011;2.Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Soil Quality and NutrientResources,Hohhot Inner Mongolia010011)

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    摘要:

    以河套灌区盐渍化土壤为研究对象,采用田间土壤氨挥发原位测定法(通气法),研究膜下滴灌、黄河水漫灌下农民常规施肥(CK)、农民常规施肥 +秸秆还田(SR)、农民常规施肥 +生物炭(C)对土壤氨挥发和葵花产量的影响。结果表明:1)各处理氨挥发速率在施肥灌水后 2~ 4 d出现峰值,随后逐渐减低。C、SR处理显著降低了氨挥发累积损失量( P<0.05),C处理滴灌、漫灌下较 CK分别降低了57%、44%,SR处理降低了39%、34%。(2)土壤 pH值与氨挥发速率呈正相关性,C、SR处理下土壤盐分较 CK显著下降( P<0.05)。3)不同灌溉方式下C处理葵花增产率均最高,SR增产效果不明显。4)同一改良措施下氨挥发损失率滴灌比漫灌降低 10.7%~ 31%,C、SR处理的产量滴灌较漫灌分别高 12.88%、2.02%。方差分析表明,改良措施对氨挥发、产量的影响极显著(P<0.01),灌溉方式对其影响显著( P<0.05)。综上所述 C、SR均有效抑制了土壤氨挥发,滴灌模式下效果更为明显,但考虑到 SR处理的葵花增产率较低,故滴灌下农民常规施肥 +生物炭处理是目前较为合理的施肥措施。

    Abstract:

    The salinized soil in Hetao Irrigation District was taken as the research object,and the field soil ammoniavolatilization in situmethod(ventilationmethod)was used to study the effect of farmers’conventional fertilization(CK),farmers’conventional fertilization+straw returning(SR),farmers’conventional fertilization+biochar(C) on soil ammonia volatilization and sunflower yield under the flood irrigation with the Yellow River water and the under-film dripirrigation.The results showedthat:1)The ammonia volatilization rate of each treatment peaked 2~ 4 daysafter fertilization and then gradually decreased.C and SR treatment significantly reduced the cumulative loss of ammoniavolatilization( P<0.05).C treatment under drip irrigation and flood irrigation decreased by 57% and44%,respectively,and SR treatment decreased by 39% and 34%.2)The soil pH was positively correlated with the ammonia volatilizationrate.The soil salinity was significantly lower than that of CK under C and SRtreatment( P<0.05).3)The yield increasing of Ctreatment was the highest under different irrigationmethods,and the effect of SR on yield increasing was notobvious.4) The loss rate of ammonia volatilization under drip irrigation was 10.7%~31% lower than that of floodirrigation,and theyield with C and SR treatment was 12.88% and 2.02% higher than that of floodirrigation.Analysis of variance showed thatthe effect of improvement measures on ammonia volatilization and yield was extremelysignificant( P<0.01),and the effectof irrigation method wassignificant( P<0.05).Insummary,both C and SR effectively inhibited soil ammoniavolatilization,and the effect was more obvious in drip irrigation mode.Considering that the yield of sunflower treated with SR is low, conventional fertilization and biochar treatment by farmers under drip irrigation are currently reasonable fertilization measures.

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常菲,红梅,武岩,李艳勤,赵巴音那木拉,德海山.灌溉方式和改良措施对河套灌区盐渍土氨挥发的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2019,(2):38-45.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-05-25
  • 最后修改日期:
  • 录用日期:2018-08-31
  • 在线发布日期: 2019-04-24
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