The reasonable NPK ratio was significant to improve peanut’s growth and increase its yield and economicbenefit.To ensure the best NPK ratio of high-yielding summer peanut in a fluvo-aquicsoil，field trials with four gradients of NPK fertilizer were carried out to study the effects of different fertilizer ratio onyield，dry matteraccumulation，NPK nutrient absorption and economicbenefit.Results showed that the peanut yield and economic benefit reached the maximum when the dosages were N 120 kg/hm²，P2O5 90 kg/hm² and K2O 120 kg/hm²，respectively.Furthermore，equation fitting based on the experimental data indicated that the optimized nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium fertilizers amounts should be126.2，95.8 and 137.6 kg/hm².The dry matter accumulation accelerated increasingly before fruit swelling，but slowed down afterwards，causing the biggest accumulation difference in the fruit swellingperiod.The critical period of nutrient accumulation was from seedling to pegging stages when the peanut’s requirements wasN>K>P.The relationship between nutrient absorption and dry matter showed the N∶P2O5∶K2O absorption ratio was 5.5∶1∶2.7.The nutrient absorption ratio per 100 kg grain varied depending on NPK fertilizersratio，and the nutrients peanuts needed to yield 100 kg pods were 4.82 kgN，0.79 kg P 2O5 and 2.57 kg K2O under the reasonableratio.Aboveall，the recommendedN，P 2O5 and K2O application rate of summer peanut in a fluvo-aquic soil to improve yield，nutrient absorption and economic benefit was 126.2 kg/hm²，95.8 kg/hm² and 137.6 kg/ hm²，respectively.