施氮量对食用向日葵产量及品质的影响
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(1.内蒙古农业大学农学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010018;2.内蒙古农牧业科学院资源环境与检测技术研究所,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010031)

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国世佳(1994-),女,辽宁彰武人,在读硕士研究生,作物栽培生理专业。E-mail:1994945556@qq.com。

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The effect of nitrogen fertilization on sunflower yield and quality
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(1.Agricultural College of Inner Mongolia,ZHANG Run -sheng1AgriculturalUniversity,Huhhot Inner Mongolia010018;2.Institute ofResources,Environment and TestingTechnology,Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture & AnimalHusbandry,Huhhot Inner Mongolia010031)

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    摘要:

    为明确氮肥用量对向日葵产量和品质的影响,合理施用氮肥,在内蒙古中西部 3个试验点开展了向日葵不同氮肥用量试验研究。研究结果表明:(1)施用氮肥均有显著的增产效果,各个试验区施氮肥的产量反应均为:200 kg/hm2>150 kg/hm2>100 kg/hm2>300 kg/hm2,推荐施氮量(200 kg/hm2)的增产率为24.6%。氮肥用量与向日葵产量呈抛物线相关,施氮量为 189.7~ 194.0 kg/hm2时可获得向日葵最高产量,经济最佳施氮量应为 148.5~ 157.4 kg/hm2。(2)百粒重、花盘直径和株高与向日葵产量达到显著相关。(3)随着植株生长发育,氮素逐渐向籽粒中转移,植株各器官氮素浓度依次为:籽实 >空盘 >叶 >茎;氮素吸收量:籽实 >茎 >空盘 >叶,施氮量为 200 kg/hm2的吸收量最高。(4)随着施氮量增加肥料利用率降低,在经济最佳施氮量 150 kg/hm2的情况下,内蒙古中西部氮肥的利用率平均为 34.7%,氮肥的农学效率为 5.38kg/kg,每生产 100 kg向日葵籽实吸收氮素为 4.57kg。(5)施氮量与向日葵籽实的蛋白质含量呈正相关关系,与籽实粗脂肪含量呈负相关关系。在经济最佳施氮量的情况下,籽实粗蛋白质产量和籽实粗脂肪产量均较高。从综合产量与氮素吸收量、经济效益来看,在内蒙古中西部氮素最佳投入量以 150 kg/hm2为宜。

    Abstract:

    In order to determine the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on the yield and quality of sunflower and apply nitrogenfertilizerrationally,experiments on different nitrogen fertilizer dosage of sunflower were carried out at 3 experimentalsites in central and western Inner Mongolia.Research results showthat:(1)Nitrogen fertilizer application significantlyincreasesyield,for the outputs of all experimentalsites,the nitrogen reactionsare:200 kg/hm2>150 kg/hm2>100 kg/ hm2>300 kg/hm2,and the recommend Napplication(200 kg/hm2)increase yield by24.6%.The amount of nitrogenfertilizer is parabola related to sunfloweryield.When the nitrogen fertilizer amount is 189.7~ 194.0 kg/hm2,themaximum yield of sunflower can be obtained,and the economic optimal nitrogen fertilizer amount is 148.5~ 157.4 kg/ hm2.(2)100 grain weight,disk diameter and plant height are significantly correlated with sunflower yield.(3)Asthe plant grows,nitrogen is gradually transferred to the seeds.The nitrogen concentration of different organs of the plantis in sequence:seed>empty disc>leaf>stem.Nitrogen absorption at harvest time in organs follow theorder: seed>stalk>empty disc>leaves,200 kg/hm2nitrogen application treatment absorbs the highest nitrogen.(4)With theincrease of N applicationrate,fertilizer utilization rate isreduced.The economic optimum application rate is 150 kg/ hm2,under this condition the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate in the central and western Inner Mongolia is 34.7% onaverage,nitrogen agronomic efficiency is 5.38kg/kg,100 kg per production sunflower seeds absorb 4.57 kgnitrogen.(5)There is a positive correlation between nitrogen application and protein content of sunflower seeds,and a negativecorrelation between nitrogen application and crude fat content of sunflower seeds.The yield of crude protein and crude fatof seeds are higher under the condition of economic optimum nitrogen application.Considering the comprehensive yield,nitrogen absorption and economicbenefits,the optimum nitrogen input amount in the central and western Inner Mongolia is 150 kg/hm2.

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国世佳,段玉,张君,安昊,张润生.施氮量对食用向日葵产量及品质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2019,(2):126-132.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-06-19
  • 最后修改日期:
  • 录用日期:2018-07-22
  • 在线发布日期: 2019-04-24
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