氮磷养分胁迫下小麦幼苗期生物学响应研究
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作者单位:

(1.上海市农业科学院生态环境保护研究所 /农业部上海农业环境与耕地保育科学观测实验站 /上海农业环境保护监测站 /上海低碳农业工程技术研究中心 /上海市设施园艺技术重点实验室,上海 201403;2.南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,江苏南京210095;3.安顺学院农学院,贵州安顺561000)

作者简介:

王峻(1992-),男,安徽颍上人,在读硕士,主要从事作物养分高效利用研究。E-mail:junwang2018@163.com。

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基金项目:

基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200500);上海市科委长三角科技联合攻关专项 (17295810602);上海市农业科学院卓越团队计划[2017(A-03)];上海市科委社会发展领域重点项目(17DZ1202301)。


Study of biologic response of wheat seedling to low nitrogen and phosphorus stress
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(1.Eco -environmentalProtection Research Institute,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shanghai Scientific Observation and Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment and Land Conservation/ Shanghai Environmental Protection Monitoring Station of Agriculture/Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Low-carbon Agriculture/Shanghai Key Laboratory ofProtected HorticulturalTechnology,Shanghai201403;2.College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,NanjingAgricultural University,Nanjing Jiangsu210095;3.College ofAgricultural,Anshun University,Anshun Guizhou561000)

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    摘要:

    为了阐明小麦苗期耐低氮、低磷胁迫的生物学响应特征,以矮抗 58品种为试验材料,采用水培试验法研究了小麦在不同营养环境中(全营养、低氮胁迫、低磷胁迫)的地上部生物学特性(地上部干重、株高、叶面积)、根系形态学特性(最大根长、总根数、根系总长度、根系干重和根冠比)和根系生理特性(根系活力、根系吸收面积),以及小麦苗期氮、磷素吸收与根系形态之间的关系。结果表明,在低氮和低磷胁迫下,小麦的株高、叶面积、茎叶干重、含氮量、根系干重、总根长、总根数及根冠比均明显降低,其中低磷胁迫下根系干重、总根长及根冠比的下降幅度大于低氮胁迫,低氮下最大根长的增加幅度较低磷增加 7.3%;在低磷条件下小麦的含氮量下降了 57.7%。低氮、低磷胁迫下小麦根系的总吸收面积、活性吸收面积及根系活力均明显降低;正常条件下的小麦氮、磷素吸收量与根系形态指标之间相关性较差,在低氮和低磷条件下小麦的氮、磷吸收量与根系干重、总根长、总吸收面积、活性吸收面积及根系活力呈极显著正相关。总之,该小麦品种根系对低磷环境反应较为敏感,而对低氮胁迫具有较好的适应性,小麦通过改变根系形态增加对低氮、磷胁迫的适应。

    Abstract:

    In order to clarify the biological response characteristics of wheat seedlings to low nitrogen and phosphorusstress,this experiment took AK58 as material and the biological characteristics(dryweight,plantheight,leafarea),root morphologicalcharacteristics(maximum rootlength,total root number,total rootlength,dry weight and root -shootratio)and root physiologicalcharacteristics(rootactivity,root absorptionarea)of wheat under different nutrient environments(total nutrition,low nitrogenstress,low phosphorus stress)were studied,and the correlation between nitrogen and phosphorus uptake and rootmorphology in wheat seedling stage was alsostudied.The results showed that the plantheight,leafarea,stem and leaf dryweight,nitrogencontent,root dryweight,total rootlength,total root number and root -shoot ratio of wheat decreased significantly under low nitrogen and phosphorus stress.The decrease of root dryweight,total root length and root-shoot ratio under low phosphorus stress was greater than that under low nitrogenstress,and the increase of maximum root length under low nitrogen was 7.3 % higher than that under low phosphorus stress.Under the condition of low phosphorus,the nitrogen content of wheat decreased by 57.7%.Under low nitrogen and phosphorusstress,the total absorptionarea,active absorption area and root activity of wheat roots decreased obviously.The correlation between the nitrogen and phosphorus uptake and root morphology index of wheat under normal conditions waspoor.The nitrogen and phosphorus uptake of wheat was significantly and positively correlated with root dryweight,total rootlength,total absorptionarea,active absorption area and root activity under low nitrogen and low phosphorus conditions.In short,the root system of this wheat variety is more sensitive to low phosphorus environment and has better adaptability to low nitrogen stress.Wheat can increase its adaptability to low nitrogen and phosphorus stress by changing root systemmorphology.

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王峻,宋科,潘剑君,薛永,孙丽娟,蔡银美.氮磷养分胁迫下小麦幼苗期生物学响应研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2019,(2):152-158.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-05-22
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  • 录用日期:2018-07-22
  • 在线发布日期: 2019-04-24
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