海南省芒果主产区果园施肥状况与评价
作者:
作者单位:

(1.中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,海南 海口 571101;2.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所,海南海口 571101;3.中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京 100081;4.中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所,广东 湛江 524091)

作者简介:

何翠翠(1987-),女,助理研究员,博士,主要从事土壤肥力提升与土壤生态研究。E-mail:hcccaas@126.com。

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基金项目:

基金项目:海南省重大科技计划项目(ZDKJ2017003);中央级公益性科研院所基本业务费项目(1630032019031、1630032017017、1630032018017)。


Evaluation of current fertilization status in Hainan Island mango orchard
Author:
Affiliation:

(1. Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou Hainan 571101;2.Environment and Plant Protection Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences,Haikou Hainan 571101;3.Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081;4.South Subtropical Crop Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Science,Zhanjiang Guangdong 524091)

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    摘要:

    海南省是我国芒果适栽和分布最为集中的区域之一。为了探明芒果园养分管理中存在的问题,采用施肥状况调研的方式进行研究,进而为指导果农合理施肥提供科学依据,通过设计问卷、实地访谈,在主产区内采取随机抽样的方法,于2017年8~9月调查70余个果园的养分管理状况,并结合文献资料中的肥料推荐施用量,制定了芒果低产区、高产区施肥量等级标准,昌江县和东方市,适用于5 000~10 000 kg/hm2芒果低产区施肥量等级划分标准,合理施肥量水平为有机肥、总氮、总磷、总钾投入量分别为15 000~20 000、130~260、50~100、150~300 kg/hm2。乐东县、三亚市和陵水县,适用于10 000~15 000 kg/hm2芒果高产施肥量等级划分标准,合理施肥量水平为有机肥、总氮、总磷、总钾投入量分别为20 000~25 000、260~390、100~150、300~450 kg/hm2,氮磷钾比例约为1 ∶0.4 ∶1.15。果园养分投入评价结果,有机肥投入量严重不足,有机肥氮素投入约为总氮投入的十分之一,昌江县和乐东县100%农户有机肥施肥量低于合理水平;芒果园存在氮肥过量情况,昌江县和乐东县约有23.08%农户高于合理水平,乐东县、三亚市、陵水县约54.72%农户低于合理水平,约37.73%农户高于合理水平;芒果园磷肥过量严重,昌江县、东方市仅有7.69%农户处于合理水平,90%以上农户高于合理水平;芒果园钾肥不足,昌江县、东方市50%以上农户低于合理水平,乐东县、三亚市、陵水县约84.02%低于合理水平。综上所述,海南岛芒果园氮磷钾肥料投入不科学,氮、磷投入过量,钾投入不足,有机肥投入严重不足,建议降低氮磷肥的投入,提高钾肥投入,同时提高有机肥施用量及农户施用比例。

    Abstract:

    Hainan Province is one of the most suitable areas for mango cultivation,and now has developed large area of mango orchard.This study adopted the method of questionnaire records,more than 70 mango orchards were surveyed by face-to-face.Combined with the fertilizer amount recommended by mango orchard in literature,the fertilizer grading standards of low and high yield area in Hainan Island was worked out.Changjiang and Dongfang City belong to the low mango yield level region,which is 5 000~10 000 kg/hm2,and the reasonable fertilizer level of total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium is 15 000~20 000,130~260,50~100,150~300 kg/hm2,respectively.Ledong,Sanya and Lingshui County belong to the high yield level region,which is 10 000~15 000 kg/hm2,and the reasonable fertilizer level of total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium is 20 000~25 000,260~390,100~150,300~450 kg/hm2,respectively.The ratio of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium is about 1 ∶0.4 ∶1.15.The results of nutrient input evaluation shows that the input of organic manure is seriously insufficient and the input of nitrogen in organic manure is about 1/10 of total nitrogen input,and the amount of fertilizer applied in 100% farmers in Changjiang County and Ledong County is lower than the reasonable level.There are about 23.08% farmers in Changjiang County and Ledong County higher than reasonable level,about 54.72% farmers in Ledong County,Sanya city and Lingshui County are lower than reasonable level,and about 37.73% farmers are higher than reasonable level.There are only 7.69% farmers in Changjiang County and Dongfang City at a reasonable level,and more than 90% of the farmers are higher than the reasonable level.The potassium fertilizer in the mango garden is insufficient,and more than 50% of the farmers in Changjiang County and Dongfang City are lower than the reasonable level,and about 84.02% lower than the reasonable level in Ledong county,Sanya City and Lingshui County.In conclusion,the input of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in Hainan mango garden is unscientific,the input of nitrogen and phosphorus is excessive,the input of potassium is insufficient,and the input of organic manure is seriously insufficient.It is suggested to reduce the input of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer,improve the input of potassium fertilizer,and increase the amount of organic fertilizer and the application area.

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何翠翠,冯焕德,魏志远,侯宪文,陈业渊,刘立生,尹昌斌,徐明岗,卢昌艾.海南省芒果主产区果园施肥状况与评价[J].中国土壤与肥料,2019,(3):122-129.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-08-13
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  • 录用日期:2018-11-21
  • 在线发布日期: 2019-06-26
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