有机肥氮替代部分化肥氮对棉花养分吸收、氮素利用和产量的影响
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(新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所/农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830091)

作者简介:

哈丽哈什·依巴提(1987-),女,新疆阿勒泰人,助理研究员,硕士,主要从事植物营养与施肥方面的研究,E-mail:harlhax10@163.com。

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基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2017 YFD0201900);农业部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室开放课题(25107020-201501)。


Effects of organic manure nitrogen replacing chemical fertilizer nitrogen on cotton nutrient uptake,nitrogen utilization efficiency and yield
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(Institute of Soil and Fertilizer and Agricultural Water-saving,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Desert Oasis Region,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Urumqi Xinjiang 830091)

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    摘要:

    为探讨有机肥氮替代化肥氮在新疆棉花生产中的增产增效作用,在滴灌条件下,采用连续2年定位试验,研究了不施氮(CK)、牛粪堆肥(OM)、农民常规施肥(CF)和不同有机肥氮替代10%(OF1)、20%(OF2)和30%(OF3)的化肥氮时,对棉花氮磷钾养分吸收、氮素利用率及产量的影响。与单施化肥相比,有机肥氮替代部分化肥氮均有利于棉花氮磷钾养分吸收,可提高棉花氮素表观利用率、偏生产力、肥料氮贡献率和农学效率。在有机肥氮替代10%化肥氮的情况下,氮素利用率最高并能提高氮素表观利用率10.5个百分点,棉花产量增加6.8%(P<0.05),而且棉花经济效益与单施化肥相当。有机肥氮替代20%的化肥氮时,棉花产量增加7.9%(P<0.05)。有机肥氮替代30%化肥氮,获得与单施化肥相当的产量,氮素表观利用率仅提高3.4个百分点。综合养分吸收、氮素利用效率、产量及经济效益等方面考虑,有机肥氮替代10%化肥氮是该地区中等肥力棉田增产稳产、氮肥增效的合理施肥方式。

    Abstract:

    The goal of this study was to investigate the increasing feasibility and efficiency of Xinjiang cotton production by organic manure N replacing the chemical fertilizer N. Two years site-specific drip irrigation experiment was conducted to study the effects of CK(non-N fertilizer),OM(organic fertilizer),CF(chemical fertilizer)and different organic manure N replacing 10%(OF1),20%(OF2)and 30%(OF3)chemical fertilizer N on cotton nutrient uptake,N utilization efficiency and yield. Replacing chemical N by organic manure N not only increased the nutrient uptake of the crop N,P and K but increased the fertilizer N recovery efficiency,partial productivity,fertilizer contribution and agronomy efficiency as well. Replacing 10% chemical N by organic manure N had the highest N utilization and the fertilizer N recovery efficiency increased by 10.5 point,increased cotton yield by 6.8%(P<0.05)and gained the same economic benefits with chemical fertilizers. Replacing 20% chemical N with organic manure N increased cotton yield by 7.9%(P<0.05). Replacing 30% chemical N by organic manure had the same cotton yield fertilizer effect with that of CF and increased the N recovery efficiency only by 3.4 point. Integrated nutrient uptake,nitrogen utilization efficiency,yield and economic benefit into consideration,replacing 10% chemical N with organic manure is a rational fertilization pattern to increase cotton yield,gain stable cotton yield stability and improve N efficiency in the experimental areas.

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哈丽哈什·依巴提,李青军,张炎.有机肥氮替代部分化肥氮对棉花养分吸收、氮素利用和产量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2019,(3):137-142.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-07-02
  • 最后修改日期:
  • 录用日期:2018-09-03
  • 在线发布日期: 2019-06-26
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