基于种养平衡的河南省畜禽养殖分析及其环境污染风险研究
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(中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,农业农村部面源污染控制重点实验室,北京 100081)

作者简介:

张英(1994-),女,河南省郸城县人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为农业面源污染防控。E-mail:1733079188@qq.com。

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基金项目:

基金项目:中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(任务编号:1610132019028);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200200);国家自然科学基金项目(31572208); 农业部生态保护专项(2110402);中英牛顿基金项目(BB/N013484/1)。


Analysis on rationality and pollution of livestock industry in Henan Province based on balance between crop-planting and livestock-raising
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(Institute of AgriculturalResources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key laboratory of Nonpoint Source PollutionControl,Ministry of Agriculture and RuralAffairs,Beijing100081)

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    摘要:

    为探究河南省畜禽养殖环境污染现状,利用排污系数法等方法估算了河南省畜禽养殖粪尿负荷量、耕地承载力和水体污染负荷指数等指标,分析并评价了不同地区畜禽养殖现状的合理性及对环境的污染状况,以期为河南省合理畜禽养殖提供理论依据。结果表明,(1)河南省 2016年畜禽粪尿产生总量为 13 101.5万t,以南阳市、驻马店市、周口市、商丘市和开封市产生量最大,其总和占全省总量的 54.0%。从污染风险看,河南省平均负荷量为 16.2 t·hm -2,警报值级别处于Ⅱ级,对环境稍构成污染威胁。(2)河南省可承载的猪当量为 7 402.4万头猪当量,实际养殖已超载 2 047.3万头猪当量。其中驻马店市、平顶山市、洛阳市、信阳市超载最严重,占超载总量的 50.1%。(3)河南省水体的主要污染物为全氮(TN)和全磷(TP),而化学需氧量(COD)的等标排放量相对较少。全省平均扩散浓度达 128.0 mg·L -1,属于严重污染。平均等标污染指数为 12.2 mg·L -1,表现为对水环境有污染。对环境污染最严重的是开封市,污染指数达 31.9 mg·L -1;对环境污染最小的是信阳市,污染指数为 2.3 mg·L-1。(4)从污染负荷来看,开封市、平顶山市、漯河市的耕地承载负荷大,水体潜在污染严重,安阳市和信阳市的污染负荷较低。

    Abstract:

    In order to explore the situation of environmental pollution of the current livestock industry and provide a theoretical basis forreasonable livestock and poultrybreeding,discharge coefficient method was used to estimate the manure and urineload,carrying capacityof arable land and water pollution loadindex,and the rationality of livestock and poultry breeding status in different regions was analyzedand evaluated in HenanProvince.The results showthat(1)the total amount of livestock and poultry excrement in Henan Province in2016 was 131.015 milliontons,five regions which include NanyangCity,ZhumadianCity,ZhoukouCity,Shangqiu City and Kaifeng City have the largest amount and they accounted for 54.0% of the totalprovince.From the perspective of pollutionrisk,the average load in Henan Province is 16.2 t·hm -2,and the alarm level is at level Ⅱ,which brings a bit of pollution threat to theenvironment.(2)The theoretically capacity of pigs equivalent in Henan Province are 74.024million,and the actual breeding has overloaded by 20.473 million pigequivalents.Amongthem,ZhumadianCity,PingdingshanCity,Luoyang City and Xinyang City have the mostseriousoverloading,accounting for 50.1% of the total provinceoverloading.(3)The main pollutants in water bodies in HenanProvince are TN andTP,while the equivalent emission of COD is relativelylow.The province’ s average diffusion concentration is 128.0 mg·L-1,which has been to seriouspollution.The average equivalent pollution index is 12.2 mg·L -1,which shows alittle pollution to the waterenvironment.The most serious environmental pollution locates in KaifengCity,with a Pollution index of 31.9 mg·L-1.The least environmental pollution is in XinyangCity,with a pollution index of 2.3 mg·L -1.(4)Judging from thecomprehensive pollution load of arable land and waterbodies,KaifengCity,Pingdingshan City and Luohe City have more seriouspotential pollution risk to the arable land and waterbodies,Anyang and Xinyang have less environmental problems.

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张英,武淑霞,刘宏斌,雷秋良,王洪媛,翟丽梅.基于种养平衡的河南省畜禽养殖分析及其环境污染风险研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2019,(4):24-30.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-10-15
  • 最后修改日期:
  • 录用日期:2018-11-30
  • 在线发布日期: 2019-09-02
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