堆肥用微生物及其效果研究进展
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(中国农业大学工学院,北京 100083)

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蔡瑞(1994-),男,湖北咸宁人,硕士研究生,主要从事农业废弃物综合利用方面的研究。E-mail:chenmei@cau.edu.cn。

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基金项目:青海省重大科技专项(2018-NK-A2)。


Research progress on microorganisms commonly used in composting and their effects
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(College ofEngineering,China AgriculturalUniversity,Beijing100083)

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    摘要:

    通过查阅国内外有关堆肥常用微生物及其效果的文献资料,初步总结了不同原料堆肥常用的微生物菌剂以及作用效果,发现目前秸秆堆肥中常用的添加菌剂有纤维素分解菌、白腐菌以及链霉菌等;粪便堆肥中主要添加芽孢杆菌、假单胞菌、霉菌等;动物尸体堆肥中主要添加芽孢杆菌;城市生活垃圾以及其他原料的堆肥中由于原料种类复杂,所用的菌剂也比较复杂,如纤维素分解菌、芽孢杆菌、霉菌、固氮菌等;也有大量的研究采用商业复合菌剂运用于堆肥中,如群林发酵剂(主要由功能菌、丝状真菌、营养体复合而成)、RW酵素剂(主要由真菌、细菌、丝状菌、酵母菌等多种菌株及相关酶复配而成)、VT菌剂系列(富含纤维素分解菌、固氮菌等)等。添加微生物菌剂对提升堆肥质量的效果明显:能有效促进有机物的降解进而促进堆体升温,延长堆肥高温时间,减少堆肥所用时间,促进腐殖质形成;能减少堆肥植物毒性,提高堆肥种子发芽率;能改善堆体的微生物结构及多样性;施肥后,对土壤质量改良效果明显等。

    Abstract:

    By referring to domestic and foreign literatures about common microorganisms used in composting and theireffects,this paper preliminarily summarizes common microbial agents used in composting with different raw materials and theireffects.It is found that cellulose decomposingbacteria,white rot bacteria and Streptomycesare commonly used in straw compost.Bacillus,pseudomonas,and molds are added to manurecomposting.Bacillus is mainly added to animal carcasscompost.Incomposting of municipal solid waste and other rawmaterials,due to the complex types of rawmaterials,the microbial agentsused are also relativelycomplex,such as cellulose decomposingbacteria,bacillus,mold,nitrogen -fixingbacteria,etc.There are also a large number of studies using commercial compound microbial agents in compost,such as forest starter,RW enzyme agent,VT microbial agent and so on.Adding microbial agent has obvious effect on improving the quality ofcompost:it can effectively promote the degradation of organic matter and then promote the heating of the pile,extend thehigh temperature time ofcompost,reduce the time used forcompost,and promote the formation ofhumus,reduce the planttoxicity of compost and improve the germination rate of compostseeds,improve the microbial structure and diversity of thereactor.Afterfertilization,the effect of soil quality improvement isobvious.

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蔡瑞,徐春城.堆肥用微生物及其效果研究进展[J].中国土壤与肥料,2019,(5):1-7.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-12-06
  • 最后修改日期:
  • 录用日期:2019-01-16
  • 在线发布日期: 2019-10-30
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