连续秸秆还田替代钾肥对作物产量及土壤钾素平衡的影响
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(1.安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,养分循环与资源环境安徽省重点实验室,安徽 合肥 230031;2.农业农村部农业生态与资源保护总站,北京 100125;3.安徽省巢湖市农业技术推广中心,安徽 巢湖 238000;4.安徽省黄山市农业技术推广中心,安徽 黄山 245600)

作者简介:

程文龙(1991-),男,安徽黄山人,研究实习员,硕士,主要从事植物营养与作物施肥技术研究。E-mail:wlchengche@163.com。

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基金项目:

基金项目:安徽省科技重大专项(17030701055);国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200900);公益性行业科研专项 (201503122);安徽省农业科学院团队项目(2019YL044);安徽省重点研究与开发计划项目(1704e1002237)。


Effect of continuous straw incorporation substitute for K-fertilizer on crop yield and soil potassium balance
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(1.Soil and Fertilizer ResearchInstitute,Anhui Academy of AgriculturalSciences,Ahui Provincial Key Laboratoryof Nutrient Recycling,Resources and Environment,Anhui Hefei 230031;2.Rural Energy and Environment Agency,Ministry of Agriculture and RuralAffairs,Beijing100125;3.Chaohu County Center of Agri -Technology,Anhui Chaohu238000;4.Huangshan County Center of Agri -Technology,Anhui Huangshan245600)

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    摘要:

    为了探索油菜 -水稻轮作体系中连续秸秆还田替代钾肥效果,试验研究了连续秸秆还田配施钾肥对油菜 -水稻轮作体系中油菜和水稻产量、地上部钾素累积量、钾肥利用率、土壤钾素含量的影响,探讨了秸秆还田可替代化学钾肥的用量。结果表明:1)油菜季秸秆还田可以替代 1/3~ 2/3的化学钾肥而油菜不减产,水稻季随着试验年限的增加,秸秆还田能够替代化学钾肥的量呈减少趋势。轮作周期上,秸秆还田可以替代 1/3的化学钾肥而油菜和水稻的总产量不减少。2)与单施钾肥(NPK)处理相比,油菜季,秸秆替代钾肥(NP+1/3K+S、NP+2/3K+S)处理均显著提高了钾肥吸收利用率和偏生产力;水稻季,NP+2/3K+S处理显著提高了钾肥吸收利用率和偏生产力,同时 NP+1/3K+S处理也显著提高了钾肥偏生产力。3)在 3个轮作周期中,不施钾肥(NP)、单施钾肥(NPK)始终处于亏缺状态,而秸秆替代钾肥处理(NP+S、NP+1/3K+S、NP+2/3K+S)的土壤钾素虽然在第 1个轮作周期时均处于亏缺状态,但随着秸秆还田年限增加,亏缺量逐渐减少,至第 3个轮作周期时,土壤钾素均处于盈余状态。4)秸秆还田配施钾肥均不同程度增加了耕层土壤速效钾含量,减缓了耕层土壤缓效钾含量的下降。上述结果表明:油菜 -水稻轮作区秸秆还田减施钾肥有利于弥补土壤钾素亏缺,对维持土壤钾素平衡有重要意义。

    Abstract:

    The effects of continuous straw returning to field and recommended potassium fertilizer on yields of rapeseed andrice,Kuptake,K efficiency and soil potassium content were studied to explore the effect of continuous straw returning to replace potassium fertilizer under rice-rapeseed rotation system.The results showthat:1)The rapeseed season returningstraw can replace 1/3~ 2/3 of potash without reducing the yield ofrapeseed.With the increase of trial years in riceseason,the amount of straw returning which can replace chemical potassium fertilizer isdecreasing.In the rotationcycle,strawreturning can replace 1/3 of chemical potassium fertilizer without reducing the total yield of rapeseed andrice.2)Comparedwith NPK treatment,NP+1/3K+S and NP+2/3K+S treatment significantly increased potassium absorption efficiency and partialproductivity in rapeseed season;The NP+2/3K+S treatment significantly improved potassium fertilizer absorption efficiencyand partial productivity,while NP+1/3K+S treatment also significantly increased potassium fertilizer partial productivityin rice season.3)In the three rotation cycles,the soil potassium of no potassium fertilizer(NP)and single applicationpotassiumfertilizer(NPK)were always in a deficitstate.Although the soil potassium of straw replacement potassiumfertilizer treatment(NP,NP+1/3K+S,NP+2/3K+S)was in a deficit state during the first rotation cycle,the deficitdecreased gradually with the straw returning to field.By the third rotation cycle,the soil potassium was in surplus state.4)The treatments of straw returning with potassium fertilizer increased the available potassium content in the plough layerand slowed down the decline of potassium content in the plough layer.It indicates that straw returning with potassiumfertilizer is beneficial to reduce the soil potassiumdeficiency,which is of great significance for maintaining soil potassium balance.

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程文龙,韩上,武际,李敏,石祖梁,王慧,唐杉,胡鹏,黄惠.连续秸秆还田替代钾肥对作物产量及土壤钾素平衡的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2019,(5):72-78.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-11-09
  • 最后修改日期:
  • 录用日期:2019-03-02
  • 在线发布日期: 2019-10-30
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