To study the effect of different fertilizer treatments on yield，profit and quality of rapeseed，field experiment was conducted in the southern part of Henan with double low rapeseed and double high rapeseed variety as the experimentalmaterial.Six fertilizer treatments were designed，i.e.farmers’fertilizer practice treatment，balanced fertilizer treatment(NPKB)，nitrogen deficiency treatment(-N)，phosphorus deficiency treatment(-P)，potassium deficiency treatment(-K)，boron deficiencytreatment(-B).The results showed that the deficiency ofN，P，K and B significantlyaffected rapeseed yield and profit.Yield and profit of farmers’fertilizer practice treatment were significantly lower thanthat of balanced fertilizertreatment(NPKB).For double -low rapeseed DE oil no. 8varieties，theyield，profit，thefertilizer benefit were reduced by29%，1 290 Yuan/hm²，and 25% respectively.And for the double low rapeseed ofZhongyou821，theyield，profit，the fertilizer benefit were reduced by32%，2 225 Yuan/hm²，and 51% respectively.Compared with the NPKB treatment，the lack of any element ofnitrogen(-N)，phosphorus(-P)，potassium(-K)and boron(-B)significantly reduced the yield and economic benefits of rapeseed.The yield of double -low rapeseed DEoil no. 8 varieties was reduced by32%，14%，20% and17%，respectively.The economic benefits of fertilization werereduced by 1544，401，626 and 1 310 Yuan/hm²，respectively.The yield of double -high rapeseed Zhongyou 821 wasreduced by44%，27%，16% and 35% respectively，and the economic benefits of fertilization were reduced by 2 122，1151，166 and 2 471 Yuan/hm²respectively.Seed oil content of the two cultivars increased under NPKB treatmentcompared with others treatments.Contrarily，the contents of erucic acid and glucosinolate in seed were significantlydecreased under NPKB compared with those treatments.Under the same fertilization conditions，the yield of DE oil no.8 was 6.1%～ 43.4% higher than Zhongyou821，the income was increased by 365～ 1 987 yuan/hm²，and the economic benefit of fertilization was increased by 8%～52%.The results showed that under the same fertilization and cultivationconditions，double low rapeseed was more productive and efficient than the double high rapeseed.It was concluded thatdouble low rapeseed varieties should be selected in rapeseedcultivation，and the combination ofN，P，K，and B fertilizerssignificantly increased both rapeseedyield，use efficiency andquality，and should be crucial for the production of rapeseed in the southern of HenanProvince.