烟末(梗)有机肥对 3种不同类型作物土壤养分及产量和品质的影响
作者:
作者单位:

(1.西南大学资源环境学院,重庆 400700;2.贵州省烟草公司遵义市公司,贵州 遵义 563000)

作者简介:

王亚麒(1992-),男(满族),宁夏银川人,在读博士,研究方向为植物营养学。E-mail:418626455@qq.com。

通讯作者:

基金项目:


Effects of tobacco organic fertilizer on soil nutrient,yield and quality of three different types of crops
Author:
Affiliation:

(1.College of Natural Resources andEnvironment,SouthwestUniversity,Chongqing400700;2.Zunyi TobaccoCompany,Zunyi Guizhou563000)

Fund Project:

  • 摘要
  • |
  • 图/表
  • |
  • 访问统计
  • |
  • 参考文献
  • |
  • 相似文献
  • |
  • 引证文献
  • |
  • 资源附件
    摘要:

    烤烟是我国重要的经济作物,烘烤和复烤产生大量的废弃烟末(梗),目前采用的填埋和焚烧处理不仅浪费有机质和养分资源,而且污染环境,亟待无害化处理与资源化利用。试验将废弃烟末和烟梗粉碎,接种热解纤维梭菌( Clostridium thermocellum),并加入辅助剂,经高温堆制生产有机肥,并以玉米、杨梅和花椰菜等当地作物为对象,田间研究其肥效。试验设置不施肥(对照)、单施化肥、单施烟末(梗)有机肥、化肥配施有机肥4个处理。结果表明,高温堆制的烟末(梗)有机肥的质量符合农业部 NY 525-2012标准,有机质、氮、磷、钾含量依次为 40.45%、1.91%、0.84%和 2.12%。在施用有机肥的处理中,土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量显著提高,并与作物和果树养分需要相协调;土壤微生物量碳、氮显著增加,表明烟末(梗)有机肥促进土壤微生物生长繁殖,增加微生物数量。与单施化肥相比,化肥配施有机肥使玉米、花椰菜和杨梅的产量分别增加 10.11%、14.04%和 5.45%,果实品质得到显著改善。因此,废弃烟末(梗)是优良的有机肥源,高温堆肥可实现废弃烟末(梗)的无害化处理与资源化利用。

    Abstract:

    Flue-cured tobacco is an important cash crop in China.A large amount of tobacco powder and stems are abandoned in baking and re-baking.Landfill and incineration not only waste organic matter and nutrient resources,but also pollute theenvironment.It is urgent to treat the waste powder and stems harmlessly and utilize as resources.In the present experiment,the tobacco wastes were pulverized,inoculated with Clostridium thermocellum,and mixed with additives in high temperaturecomposting.The efficiency of organic fertilizers made from the wastes was then investigated in fields with local crops such asmaize(Zea mays),waxberry( Myrica rubra),andbroccoli( Brassica oleracea).The field experimental treatments weredesigned taking into local fertilization,including blankcontrol(without fertilizer),chemical fertilizer,organic fertilizer madefrom the tobaccowastes,and chemical fertilizer in combination with the organicfertilizer.The results showed that the organicfertilizer manufactured by high temperature composting contained 40.45% of organicmatter,1.91%nitrogen,0.84%phosphorus,and 2.12% potassium,which accorded with the national standard NY 525-2012.Application of the organicfertilizer significantly increased available nutrients likenitrogen,phosphorus and potassium insoils,meanwhile the changesof available nutrients harmonized well with plantrequirements.Microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in soils were alsoincreased significantly by addition of the organicfertilizer,indicating the promotion of microbial reproduction and incrementof microbialmembers.In comparison with only chemicalfertilizer,application of chemical fertilizer in combination with theorganic fertilizer enhanced the yield of maize by10.11%,broccoli by14.04%,and waxberry by5.45%,respectively,alongwith significant qualityimprovement.Therefore,waste tobacco powder and stems are good raw materials for manufacture oforganicfertilizer,and high temperature composting is able to realize harmless treatment and resourceutilization.

    参考文献
    相似文献
    引证文献
引用本文

王亚麒,魏立本,易忠经,赵建,袁玲.烟末(梗)有机肥对 3种不同类型作物土壤养分及产量和品质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2019,(5):96-103.

复制
分享
文章指标
  • 点击次数:
  • 下载次数:
历史
  • 收稿日期:2018-11-30
  • 最后修改日期:
  • 录用日期:2019-01-16
  • 在线发布日期: 2019-10-30
《中国土壤与肥料》招聘启事
关闭