施用生物有机肥对枸杞产量、品质及土壤肥力的影响
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(宁夏大学农学院,宁夏 银川 750021)

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闫鹏科 (1993-),男,宁夏同心人,硕士研究生,研究方向为农业资源利用。E-mail:yanpengke1993@163.com。

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Effect of bio-organic fertilizer on yield,quality and soil fertility of wolfberry
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(School of Agronomy Ningxia University,YinchuanNingxia750021)

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    摘要:

    针对枸杞产业中过量施用化肥及长期连作的栽培模式导致土壤持续生产能力下降,枸杞品质降低等问题,研究生物有机肥对土壤肥力及枸杞产量和品质的影响。以宁夏主栽的 4年生‘宁杞 7号’红枸杞为研究对象,进行了连续 2年施用不同量[0 t·hm -2(T1)、3 t·hm -2(T2)、6 t·hm -2(T3)、9 t·hm -2(T4)、12 t·hm -2(T5)]生物有机肥的田间试验,以不施生物有机肥(T1)为对照,分析生物有机肥施用量对土壤肥力、枸杞产量、品质以及经济效益的影响,探究产量与品质之间的相关性,用主成分分析法,确定合理的生物有机肥施用量。结果表明:(1)施用生物有机肥能够降低土壤 pH值和全盐含量,显著提高土壤有机质和碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾养分含量。(2)生物有机肥在枸杞增产和改善品质方面有显著作用,与不施肥(T1)相比,施生物有机肥增产 38.01%~ 86.88%,枸杞浆果纵径增加 7.16%~15.76%,横径增加 8.66%~19.37%,百粒重增加 6.47%~18.65%,可溶性固形物含量提高 3.96%~10.37%,多糖含量提高 8.57%~19.05%,Vc含量提高 5.69%~17.08%。(3)年收益从 44 282.20元·hm -2增长至 106 749.80元·hm-2,T2至 T5处理较 T1处理分别增加了59.95%、109.46%、139.27%和141.07%,产投比从 2.08提高到了2.45。(4)相关分析表明,产量与纵径、横径和 Vc呈极显著相关,与百粒重和多糖呈显著相关。(5)综合产量和品质分析得出 T4处理效果最好,增产 80.32%,纵径增加 14.49%,横径增加 17.53%,百粒重增加 18.65%,可溶性固形物含量提高10.37%,多糖含量提高 19.05%,Vc含量提高 16.58%,年收益提高 139.27%,产投比高达 2.45。在宁夏枸杞种植区施用生物有机肥促进枸杞提质增效,综合产量和品质分析,合理的生物有机肥施用量控制在 9 t·hm -2较为适宜。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the problem that excessive application of chemical fertilizer and long-term continuous cultivationmode in the industry of wolfberry caused the decline of continuous productivity of soil and quality ofwolfberry,the effects of bio-organic fertilizer on soilfertility,yield and quality of wolfberry were studied.Using the four -year-old‘ning qi 7’red wolfberry which is mainly planted in Ningxia as the material,two consecutive years study of field experiments with five bio-organic fertilizer levels[0 t·hm -2(T1),3 t·hm -2(T2),6 t·hm -2(T3),9 t·hm -2(T4),12 t·hm -2(T5)]were conducted to analyze the effects of application amount of bio -organic fertilizer on soil fertility,yield,quality andeconomic benefits ofwolfberry,explore the correlation between yield andquality.Using principal component analysismethod, the reasonable application amount of bio-organic fertilizer wasdetermined.The results showedthat:(1)Application of bio -organic fertilizer reduced soil pH and total saltcontent,and significantly increased soil organic matter and availablenitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrients.(2)Bio -organic fertilizer had a significant effect on increasing yieldand improvingquality.Compared with no fertilization(T1),the application of bio -organic fertilizer increased yield by 38.01%~86.88%,the longitudinal diameter increased by 7.16%~15.76%,the transverse diameter increased by 8.66%~19.37%,and the hundred grain weight increased by 6.47%~18.65%.The soluble solid content increased by 3.96%~10.37%,the polysaccharide content increased by 8.57%~19.05%,and the vitamin C content increased by 5.69%~17.08%.(3)The annual incomes ofT2,T3,T4 and T5 treatments increased from 44 282.20 yuan·hm -2 to 106 749.80 yuan·hm-2,and increased by 59.95%,109.46%,139.27% and 141.07%,respectively,compared with T1treatment,and the production devotion ratio to investment increased from 2.08~2.45.(4)Correlation analysis showedthat yield was highly significant correlated with longitudinal diameter,transverse diameter andVc,and was significantcorrelated with hundred grain weight andpolysaccharide.(5)Comprehensive yield and quality analysis showed that T4treatment had the besteffect,which increased yield,longitudinal diameter,transverse diameter,hundred grainweight,soluble solidcontent,polysaccharidecontent,Vccontent,the annual income by80.32%,14.49%,17.53%,18.65%,10.37%,19.05%,16.58%,139.27%,respectively,and the production devotion ratio to investment was as high as2.45.The application of bio -organic fertilizer in the planting area of Ningxia can improve quality and efficiency ofwolfberry.Inaddition,from the comprehensive analysis of yield andquality,it is more suitable to control the application rate of bio-organic fertilizer at 9 t·hm-2.

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闫鹏科,常少刚,孙权,王锐.施用生物有机肥对枸杞产量、品质及土壤肥力的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2019,(5):112-118.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-11-20
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  • 录用日期:2019-01-04
  • 在线发布日期: 2019-10-30
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