栽培模式对寒地粳稻产量及养分吸收积累的影响
作者:
作者单位:

(1.黑龙江八一农垦大学 /黑龙江省现代农业栽培技术与作物种质改良重点实验室,黑龙江 大庆 163319;2.牡丹江市农业技术推广总站,黑龙江 牡丹江 157000)

作者简介:

吕艳东(1978-),男,黑龙江省肇州县人,博士,副研究员,从事水稻栽培学研究。E-mail:lvyd_1978@163.com。

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基金项目:

基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300104);黑龙江省自然基金面上项目(C2017046);黑龙江八一农垦大学青年创新人才项目(CXRC2017001);黑龙江八一农垦大学科研团队平台支持计划(TDJH201802)。


Effects of cultivation patterns on yield and nutrient absorption and accumulation of japonica rice
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(1.College of Agronmy,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University/Hei -longjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of ModernAgricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement,Heilongjiang Daqing 163319;2.Agricultural TechnologyExtension Station ofMudanjiang,Heilongjiang Mudanjiang157000)

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    摘要:

    为探讨寒地粳稻高产与养分高效利用协调的栽培技术,以龙庆稻 3号为试验材料,设置未施氮处理(N0)、当地农民栽培(对照,FP)、高产高效栽培(HYHE)和超高产栽培(SHY)4种栽培模式,分析不同栽培模式对水稻产量和养分吸收利用的影响。结果表明:高产高效栽培和超高产栽培两年的平均产量分别为 8.58和 11.73 t/hm2,分别较对照提高 13.19%和 54.74%。与对照相比,在高产高效和超高产栽培模式下,水稻各器官及全株氮、磷、钾含量均显著提高,并在齐穗期保持了较高的全株氮素积累量,同时提高了全株氮、磷、钾素积累能力;在成熟期,植株各器官氮、磷、钾素积累量表现为穗部 >茎鞘 >叶片;高产高效和超高产栽培模式降低了氮、磷、钾素干物质和稻谷生产效率,不同栽培模式下的叶片和茎鞘氮素转运量、氮素表观转运率以及氮素转运贡献率和氮素收获指数均表现为:超高产栽培 >高产高效栽培 >当地农民高产栽培 >未施氮空白对照。综上所述,高产高效和超高产栽培模式在保证水稻高产的同时,显著提高各器官及全株的氮、磷、钾含量以及氮、磷、钾的积累量,有利于寒地水稻养分的高效吸收与利用,从而获得高产高效。

    Abstract:

    The objective of this study was to investigate if a cultivation technique could coordinately increase both grain yieldand nutrient use efficiency ofrice.The japonica rice cultivar Longqingdao 3 was used and four cultivation patterns were con-ducted.No nitrogenapplication(N0),local farmerscultivation(control),high -yielding and high efficiency cultivation(HYHE)and super high -yieldingcultivation(SHY)weredesigned.The characteristics of grain yield formation under dif-ferent cultivation patterns and their nutrient absorption and utilization efficiencies wereanalyzed.The results showed that the average yields under HYHE and SHY were 8.58 t/hm2 and 11.73 t/hm2,respectively and increased by 13.19% and 54.74%,respectively,compared with that under FP in twoyears.Relative to FPtreatment,theN,P,and K content of rice organsand whole plant was significantly increased under HYHE and SHY and the higherN,P,and K accumulation of the wholeplant was maintained at full headingstage,while thenitrogen(phosphorus,potassium)accumulation ability of whole plantwasincreased;At the maturitystage,accumulation ofN,P,and K in the plant was highest in thepanicle,followed by the stem-sheath,and lowest in theleaf.The dry matter ofN,P,K and the production efficiency of rice decreased underHYHE and SHY.The N transportcapacity,apparent N translocationrate,N transport contributionrate,and N harvest index of leaves and stem-sheaths among the treatments were ranked asfollows:SHY>HYHE>FP>N0.Insummary,whileensuring high yield,HYHE and SHY could reduce the production efficiency ofN,P,and K in the wholeplant,but sig-nificantly increase theN,P,and K content in all organs andplants,and increase the accumulation capacity ofN,P,andK which was conducive to the efficient absorption and utilization of nutrients in rice in coldregions.It can be used to obtain high yield and high efficiency.

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吕艳东,胡月,李猛,姜红芳,兰宇辰,王鹤璎,郭晓红.栽培模式对寒地粳稻产量及养分吸收积累的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2019,(5):187-193.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-12-01
  • 最后修改日期:
  • 录用日期:2019-01-19
  • 在线发布日期: 2019-10-30
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