畜禽粪便堆肥快速升温除臭多功能复合菌剂及其应用
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(东北农业大学资源与环境学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150030)

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徐杰(1978-),女,黑龙江人,讲师,博士,研究方向为固体废弃物的微生物降解利用。E-mail:xujie_neau@126.com。

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Research and application of multifunctional agent for warming and deodorizing in livestock manure composting
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(College of Resources and EnvironmentalSciences,Northeast AgriculturalUniversity,Harbin150030)

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    采用多重筛选方法相结合,从土壤、秸秆、堆肥等不同来源样品中分离得到 4株具有较强纤维素降解能力细菌 A531、A422、B622和 C631,该 4株菌株同时具有使堆肥快速升温和有效除臭潜力。经菌体形态观察、生理生化分析及 16S rDNA鉴定,其中两株分别为蜡状芽孢杆菌(A531)、白色芽孢杆菌(C631),菌株 A422和 B622须进一步鉴定。将该 4株菌与本实验室保藏的 1株氨氧化细菌(新型耐热芽孢杆菌 Aliibacillus thermotolerans)BM62按照不同比例配制成复合菌剂进行堆肥功能验证,结果表明,菌株 A531、A422、B622、C631和 BM62按照 1∶1∶1∶1∶1的比例混合进行堆肥,与对照堆肥相比,添加菌剂的堆肥中纤维素降解率提高19.83%,总氮损失率降低10%,NO 2-含量增加46.6%,NH 3挥发率降低 35.5%;将此复合菌剂各菌株比例调整为2∶2∶1∶1∶1的堆肥结果为,纤维素降解率提高了21.73%,总氮损失率减少8.1%,NO 2-含量增加39.7%,NH 3挥发减少 23.1%;将此复合菌剂各菌株比例调整为 1∶2∶1∶2∶1的堆肥结果为,纤维素降解率提高了 18.86%,总氮损失率减少了11.2%,NO 2-含量增加了49.1%,NH 3挥发减少 42.6%。以上结果表明,此复合菌剂可以明显降低堆肥过程不愉快气味,降低堆肥中氮素损失,快速有效分解纤维素等有机物质,具有很好的应用价值和社会意义。

    Abstract:

    Four strains of bacteria with cellulose degradation ability,includingA531,A422,B622 and C631,were isolatedfrom soil,straw and compost using a combination of multiple screening methods.These strains also have the potentiality ofrapid heating and effective deodorization incompost.Strain A531 belongs to Bacillus cereus and strain C631 belongs to Bacillus whiteusaccording to the morphological observation,physiological and biochemical analysis and 16S rDNAidentification.Thespecific classification of strains A422 and B622 requires further identification to determine.The four strains were combined with Aliibacillus thermotoleransBM62 which preserved in our laboratory to prepare the complex inocula for compostingfunction.Theresults showedthat,compared with thecontrol,compost when strainsA531,A422,B622,C631 and BM62 were mixed in the ratio of 1∶1∶1∶1∶1 and added to the compost,the cellulose degradation rate increased by19.83%,the total nitrogen lossrate decreased by10%,the NO 2 -content increased by46.6%,and NH 3volatilization rate decreased by35.5%.When the ratio of each strain of the composite agent was adjusted to 2∶2∶1∶1∶1,the cellulose degradation rate increased by21.73%,the totalnitrogen loss rate decreased by8.1%,the NO 2 c-ontent increased by39.7%,and the NH 3volatilization rate decreased by23.1%. When the proportion of each strain of the composite agent was changed to 1∶2∶1∶2∶1,the cellulose degradation rate increasedby18.86%,the total nitrogen loss rate decreased by11.2%,and the NO 2 c-ontent increased49.1%,NH 3 volatilization decreasedby42.6%.These results indicated that the composite microbial agent can significantly reduce the unpleasant odor of the compostingprocess,reduce the nitrogen loss in thecompost,and degrade cellulose effectively.

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徐杰,许修宏,门梦琪,行国瑞,谷猛,杨阳,杨荣艺,边鑫雨.畜禽粪便堆肥快速升温除臭多功能复合菌剂及其应用[J].中国土壤与肥料,2019,(5):200-206.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-11-13
  • 最后修改日期:
  • 录用日期:2019-03-08
  • 在线发布日期: 2019-10-30
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