微喷水肥一体化氮肥后移对夏玉米氮素吸收及籽粒产量品质的影响
作者:
作者单位:

(1.山西师范大学地理科学学院,山西 临汾 041000;2.中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京 100081;3.山西省农业科学院小麦研究所,山西 临汾 041000;4.首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院,北京 100048)

作者简介:

刘彩彩(1993-),女,山西临汾人,在读硕士,研究;E-mail:liucaicaisxlf@139.com。张孟妮(1992-),女,山西保德人,在读博士,研究方向为土壤学;E-mail:1554236364@ qq.com。刘彩彩与张孟妮同为第一作者。

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基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200408);国家科技支撑计划课题(2015BAD22B03);中国农业科学院基本科研业务费专项(1610132018024)。


Effects of integrated micro-water spraying fertilizer on nitrogen uptake and grain yield and quality of summer maize
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Affiliation:

(1.College of GeographicalSciences,Shanxi Normal University,Linfen Shanxi041000;2.Institute of Agricultural Resource and RegionalPlanning,Chinese Academy of AgriculturalScience,Beijing100081;3.Wheat ResearchInstitute,Shanxi Academy of AgriculturalSciences,Linfen Shanxi041000;4.College of Resource Environment andTourism,Capital NormalUniversity,Bejing100048)

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    摘要:

    为了探明晋南地区冬小麦 -夏玉米轮作区适宜的节水减氮管理模式,采用田间试验,研究分析了 5个水氮组合模式对夏玉米氮素积累特征、籽粒产量、品质和氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明,与大水漫灌、传统撒施肥料(CK)相比,微喷水肥一体化处理的夏玉米籽粒产量提高 12.05%~ 45.4%,其中以微喷灌 4次(出苗水 +小喇叭口水 +大喇叭口水 +抽雄水),施纯氮 227.5 kg/hm2,氮肥后移、追氮 2次处理(WN 3)的籽粒产量和蛋白质含量最高,籽粒氮素积累量、总氮素积累量分别较施纯氮 227.5 kg/hm2,追氮 1次处理(WN 2)提高6.8%、14.26%,且与微喷灌、施纯氮 300 kg/hm2(WN1)和 WN 2相比,WN 3处理的氮肥利用率分别提高 41.81%、23.14%,氮肥农学利用效率分别提高 47.45%、49.01%。综上所述,晋南冬小麦 -夏玉米一年两熟区,采用微喷水肥一体化可替代漫灌实现节水减氮高产栽培,推荐微喷灌溉 4次、氮肥后移处理(基肥 45.5 kg/hm2+小喇叭口期追肥 136.5 kg/hm2+抽雄期追肥 45.5 kg/hm2)作为晋南地区夏玉米灌水施氮适宜的运筹方式,该模式相比 CK减少灌水量50%、减施氮肥24.16%,提高氮肥利用效率的效果最好,实现了节水减氮的效果。

    Abstract:

    In order to explore the water-saving and nitrogen-reducing management model in annual double-ripecrop(winterwheat/summer maize)area,field experiment was conducted to analyze the effects of five water -nitrogen combinationmodels on nitrogen accumulation characteristics,grainyield,quality and nitrogen use efficiency of summer maize.Theresultsshowed,compared toCK(traditional fertilizer,flood irrigation),the integrated treatment of micro -spraying water and fertilizer increased the yield of summer maize by 12.05%~45.4%.Amongthem,WN 3[with micro irrigationfour times:at emergence period+small bell stage+ male tetrad + tasselperiod,and by total N 227.5 kg/hm2,topdressingnitrogen(2 times)]got the highest grain yield and proteincontent.Compared with treatment WN 2[by total N 227.5 kg/hm2,topdressing nitrogen(1 times)],the treatment(WN 3)increased nitrogen content and total nitrogen accumulationby 6.8% and 14.26%,respectively,in addition,compared with treatment WN 1[by total N 300 kg/hm2,topdressingnitrogen(1times)]and WN 2,the nitrogen utilization and agronomic efficiency of WN 3were improved by41.81%、23.14%and47.45%、49.01%,respectively.In summary,in annual double -ripecrop(winter wheat/summer maize)area insouthern Shanxi province,micro -spraying water and fertilizer integration can replace flood irrigation,and achieve water -saving,nitrogen-reducing and high -yieldcultivation.And the model of WN 3(base fertilizer 45.5 kg/hm2+small bell stage topdressing 136.5 kg/hm2+male tetrad topdressing 45.5 kg/hm2)should be a suitable operation model for irrigation andnitrogen application of summer maize,which reduced the irrigation amount by50%,reduced the nitrogen fertilizer by24.16%,improved the nitrogen useefficiency,and achieved water -saving,nitrogen-reducing.

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刘彩彩,张孟妮,武雪萍,裴雪霞,党建友,张永清,奚雅静,王碧胜,宋霄君,李生平,郑凤君,董悦.微喷水肥一体化氮肥后移对夏玉米氮素吸收及籽粒产量品质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2019,(6):108-113.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-01-24
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  • 录用日期:2019-03-02
  • 在线发布日期: 2019-12-25
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