氮肥运筹对旱作覆膜玉米产量及固碳减排效应研究
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(甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室,甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃 兰州 730070)

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颉健辉(1994-),男,甘肃甘谷人,硕士研究生,从事旱地与绿洲农作制研究。E-mail:1164651298@qq.com。

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基金项目:国家自然基金项目(31460337,31660373,31761143004);甘肃省教育厅项目(2017C-12);十二五国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD14B03,2015BAD22B04-3)。


Effects of nitrogen fertilizer management on yield,carbon sequestration and emission reduction of dryland mulched maize
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(Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid land CropScience,Agronomy Faculty of Gansu AgriculturalUniversity,LanzhouGansu730070)

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    摘要:

    在黄土高原雨养农业区,依托布设于 2012年的定位试验研究氮肥运筹对全膜双垄沟播玉米固碳效应和 NH3挥发的影响。采用裂区设计,主处理施氮水平:不施氮对照(N0)、低施氮 100 kg·hm -2(N1)、中施氮 200 kg·hm-2(N2)和高施氮 300 kg·hm -2(N3);副处理为施肥时期及比例:设基肥 ∶拔节肥 =1 ∶2(T1)和基肥∶拔节肥∶大喇叭口肥 =1 ∶1∶1(T2)。结果表明:将 200 kg·hm -2氮肥以基肥∶拔节肥 =1 ∶2的比例施用能显著提高全膜双垄沟播玉米的籽粒产量和生物产量,分别较对照增加 197%和 131%,氮肥偏生产力和氮肥农学效率较高施氮水平分别降低 48%和 47%。氨挥发排放主要集中在追肥后的一周,穴施追肥后,NH 3挥发速率迅速升高,1~ 4 d内达到峰值,随后逐渐降低至对照水平,且施氮水平越高排放峰值越大。高、中、低施氮水平的 NH 3挥发量较不施氮对照分别增加6.5、5.9、5.4倍;T1处理较 T2处理显著降低了37%;N3T2的 NH 3挥发量最多,较其他处理显著增多了 13%~47%。NH 3挥发损失率变幅在 13%~ 60%,随施氮水平增加而降低,高、中施氮水平较低施氮水平降低了 59.6%和44.6%;与 T2相比,T1处理 NH 3挥发损失率显著降低了 40.4%,增加施氮水平和追肥次数潜在增加 NH 3挥发损失。综上所述,在黄土高原雨养农业区种植全膜双垄沟播玉米时,能提高玉米籽粒产量和土壤固碳减排能力的适宜施肥制度为:施纯氮 200 kg·hm -2,全部氮肥按基肥∶拔节肥 =1 ∶2的比例施用。

    Abstract:

    The effects of nitrogen fertilizer management on carbon sequestration and ammonia volatilization of maize under full film covered with double ridge sowing were studied based on the long-term test set up in 2012 at the loess plateau rainfed farming area. The experimentadopted the split plot design.The main treatments in the study included different nitrogen rates:no fertilization as control(N0),low nitrogen level at 100 kg·hm -2(N1),medium nitrogen level at 200 kg·hm -2(N2),and high nitrogen level at 300 kg·hm -2(N3).The subplot treatments were about the period and proportion of fertilization with basefertilizer:jointing fertilizer=1 ∶2(T1)and basefertilizer:jointingfertilizer:belling fertilizer=1 ∶1∶1(T2).The results showedthat:The application of 200 kg·hm -2 nitrogen fertilizer with theratio of basalfertilizer:jointing fertilizer =1 ∶2 significantly improved the grain yield and biomass ofmaize,which increased by 197% and131% compared with thecontrol,respectively.NPFP and NAE were 48% and 47% lower than those with high nitrogen level.Ammoniavolatilization emissions were mainly concentrated in the first week after the application of fertilizer.NH 3 volatilization rate increased rapidlyafter fertilizer applyed inholes,and reached the highest within 1~4days,then graduallydecreased,and finally tended to be samelevel with the control.Moreover,the higher the nitrogen levelwas,the higher the emission peak was.The volatile quantity of NH 3 athigh,medium and low nitrogen application levels increased by6.5,5.9 and 5.4 times compared with the control group without nitrogenapplication,T1 treatment significantly decreased by 37% compared with T2 treatment.N3T2 had the highest volatilization of NH 3,whichwas significantly increased by 13%~ 47% compared with other treatments.The volatilization loss rate of NH 3rangeed from 13% to60%,which gradually decreased with the increase of nitrogen application level.The nitrogen application levels of high and medium nitrogen were 59.6% and 44.6% lower than those of low nitrogen application level. Compared withT2,the NH 3 volatilization loss rate of T1 treatment wassignificantly reduced by40.4%,and the NH 3 volatilization loss was potentially increased by increasing nitrogen application level and timesof fertilizer application.Inconclusion,when planting maize under full film covered with double ridge sowing in the rain -fed farming area ofthe loessplateau,the suitable fertilization system for improving grain yield and capacity of carbon sequestration and emission reduction is asfollows:Nitrogen level is 200 kg·hm -2,and all fertilizers are applied according to the ratio of base fertilizer to jointing fertilizer =1∶2.

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颉健辉,李玲玲,谢军红,彭正凯,邓超超,沈吉成,王进斌,Eunice Essel.氮肥运筹对旱作覆膜玉米产量及固碳减排效应研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2019,(6):134-141.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-01-01
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  • 录用日期:2019-01-19
  • 在线发布日期: 2019-12-25
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