不同施硅处理对桃幼树土壤肥力与生长的影响
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(山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院,作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东 泰安 271018)

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贺月(1993-),女,山东德州人,硕士研究生,主要从事果树矿质营养研究。E-mail: 18264890207@163.com。

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基金项目:国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-30-2-02);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0201407);山东省自然科学基金(ZR2017BC017);山东省“双一流”建设奖补资金


Effects of different silicon application treatments on soil fertility and growth of peach sapling
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(College of HorticultureScience andEngineering,Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of CropBiology,Tai ’an Shandong271018)

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    摘要:

    以两年生“瑞蟠 21/毛桃”为试材,通过盆栽试验,探究不同硅肥对土壤理化性状、土壤肥力及桃生长量的影响。试验选用硅酸钾和硅藻土两种硅肥,分别与两种土壤改良剂(纳米碳、黄腐酸钾)进行配施。试验共设 5个处理:CK、T1(硅酸钾)、T2(硅藻土)、T3(硅酸钾+纳米碳)、T4(硅藻土+黄腐酸钾),施硅后测定了土壤理化性质相关指标、土壤酶活、土壤氮磷钾硅含量、植株氮磷钾硅含量及生长量相关指标。试验结果表明:(1)不同施硅处理均可提高土壤氧化还原电位,降低土壤容重,增加土壤含水量,其中 T4(硅藻土+黄腐酸钾)处理比 CK提高了 13.6%土壤氧化还原电位,增加 16%土壤含水量,降低 18.9%土壤容重,差异显著。(2)不同施硅处理可提高 4种土壤酶活性,T4处理对土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶活性有显著提升作用,分别比对照提高了 42%、31%、80%;T3(硅酸钾+纳米碳)处理下磷酸酶活性提高 7.6%,效果显著。(3)T4处理下土壤碱解氮、有效磷含量与对照相比分别提高了 16%、17%;而各施硅处理均显著提升了土壤有效钾及有效硅的含量,T3处理下土壤有效钾及有效硅的含量分别提高了 25%和 18.7%,施用效果最为显著。(4)4种施硅处理提高了叶片及侧枝的全氮含量,增加了叶片及根系的全磷及全钾含量,T3(硅酸钾+纳米碳)处理可提升根系一倍的硅含量,补硅效果最为显著。(5)施硅后,桃幼树的各项生长指标均出现不同程度的提高,其中根冠比提高5%~21%,净光合速率提高 11%~15%。

    Abstract:

    The potted two-year-old‘Rui pan 21’peach tree was used as test material to investigate the effects of differentsilicon fertilizers on soil physical and chemicalproperties,soil fertility and peach growth. Two kinds of silicon fertilizers wereselected:potassium silicate and diatomaceousearth,and they were each paired with two new soilamendments: nano-carbonand potassium fulvic acid. There were 5 treatments in the experiment:CK,T1(potassium silicate),T2(diatomaceousearth),T3(potassium silicate + nanocarbon),T4(diatomite + potassium fulvic acid). After applying silicon,therelated indicators of soil physical and chemicalproperties,soil enzymeactivity,soilnitrogen,phosphorus,potassium andsilicon content,plant nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and silicon content and the related indicators of plant growth weredetermined. The test results showedthat:(1)All silicon treatments increased soil redoxpotential,reduced soil bulk densityand increased soil watercontent,and T4(diatomite + potassium fulvicacid)treatment significantly increased the redoxpotential by13.6%,increased the soil water content by16%,and reduced the soil bulk density by 18.9%.(2)All siliconapplication treatments increased the activity of four soil enzymes. T4 treatment significantly improved soil urease,catalaseand sucrase activities,which were42%,31% and 80% higher than the control. The T3(potassium silicate +nanocarbon)treatment increased the phosphatase activity by7.6%,and the effect was remarkable.(3)Compared withCK,the contentof alkaline nitrogen and available phosphorus in soil under T4 treatment increased by 16% and 17% respectively,and each silicon treatment significantly increased the content of available potassium and available silicon in soil. The contentof available potassium and available silicon in soil under T3 treatment increased by 25% and 18.7% respectively,and theapplication effect was the most significant.(4)Four kinds of silicon treatments increased the total nitrogen content of leavesand lateral branches,and increased the total phosphorus and total potassium content of leaves and roots. T3(potassiumsilicate + nano carbon)treatment doubled the silicon content of the root,and the silicon supplement effect was the mostsignificant.(5)After applyingsilicon,the growth indicators of peach saplings increased in differentdegrees,with the ratioof root to shoot increased by 5% tO21%,and the net photosynthetic rate increased by 11% to 15%.

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贺月,彭福田,肖元松,王国栋,郜怀峰,孙希武.不同施硅处理对桃幼树土壤肥力与生长的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2019,(6):172-181.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-12-17
  • 最后修改日期:
  • 录用日期:2019-03-02
  • 在线发布日期: 2019-12-25
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