不同生物有机肥用量对韭菜产量、品质及养分利用的影响
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(甘肃农业大学园艺学院,甘肃 兰州 730070)

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王成(1993-),男,甘肃酒泉人,在读硕士,研究方向为设施蔬菜栽培及生长调控。E-mail:820901148@qq.com。

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基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0201005);甘肃省科技重大专项计划(17ZD2NA015);甘肃省瓜菜产业技术体系专项(GARS-GC-1)。


Effects of different biological fertilizer levels on yield,quality and nutrient utilization of chinese chive
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(College ofHorticulture,Gansu AgriculturalUniversity,Lanzhou Gansu730070)

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    摘要:

    针对蔬菜生产中施用化肥养分单一、供肥不平衡等问题,研究化肥配施不同量生物有机肥对韭菜产量、品质及养分利用的影响,为韭菜生产合理配施生物有机肥提供理论及技术依据。试验采用随机区组设计,设不施肥(CK)、常规施肥(T1)、2 400 kg/hm2生物有机肥 +常规施肥(T2)、3 600 kg/hm2生物有机肥 +常规施肥(T3)、4 800 kg/hm2生物有机肥 +常规施肥(T4)共 5个处理。结果表明,与单施化肥相比,配施生物有机肥可显著提高韭菜产量,同时提高了氮、磷、钾肥利用率及其吸收量。与配施 2 400 kg/hm2生物有机肥处理相比,配施 3600、4 800 kg/hm2生物有机肥处理的韭菜干物质积累量和产量均显著提高,但两者之间产量无显著差异。与常规施肥相比,配施 2400、3600、4 800 kg/hm2生物有机肥处理的韭菜产量和经济收益均显著提高,分别提高13.2%、19.2%、19.9%和10.2%、13.1%、10.1%;配施 3600、4 800 kg/hm2生物有机肥处理均显著提高了韭菜干物质积累量。配施 3600、4 800 kg/hm2生物有机肥处理较常规施肥均能够显著提高韭菜叶片可溶性糖和维生素 C含量,分别提高25.0%、28.0%和7.5%、22.0%,硝酸盐含量分别降低 19.4%和25.9%,对可溶性蛋白含量均无显著影响。配施 3600、4 800 kg/hm2生物有机肥处理的可溶性糖、维生素 C含量均显著高于 2 400 kg/hm2生物有机肥处理。各生物有机肥处理氮、磷肥利用率随着生物有机肥用量的增加而提高,钾肥利用率以 2 400 kg/hm2生物有机肥处理最高。在保证韭菜高产的同时,配施 3 600 kg/hm2生物有机肥能够获得最大经济效益,显著改善韭菜的营养品质,提高韭菜干物质积累量及氮、磷、钾肥的利用率。

    Abstract:

    In view of the problems of the limited nutrient types supply of chemical fertilizer andunbalanced fertilizer applicationin vegetableproduction,the effects of different amounts of bio -organic fertilizer on theyield,quality and nutrient utilization of chinese chive were studied to provide the theory and technology for rationally applying bio-organic fertilizer combined withchemical fertilizers.The experiment adopts randomized block design,and 5 treatments were setup: with no fertilization(CK),conventional fertilization(T1),2 400 kg/hm2 bio-organic fertilizer + conventional fertilization(T2),3 600 kg/hm2 bio-organic fertilizer + conventional fertilization(T3),4 800 kg/hm2 bio-organic fertilizer + conventional fertilization(T4). The results showed that compared with chemical fertilizer applicationonly,the application of combined with bio -organic fertilizer significantly increased the yield of chinesechive,and increased the utilization rate ofnitrogen,phosphorusand potassium fertilizer and itsabsorption.Compared with the treatment of 2 400 kg/hm2 bio-organicfertilizer,the dry matter accumulation and yield of chinese chive treated with 3 600 kg/hm2 and 4 800 kg/hm2 bio-organic fertilizer were significantlyincreased,but there was no significant difference between them.Compared with conventional fertilization,the yield and economic benefits of chinese chive treated with 2 400 kg/hm2,3 600 kg/hm2 and 4 800 kg/hm2 bio-organic fertilizers weresignificantlyincreased,increasing by13.2%,19.2%,19.9% and10.2%,13.1%,10.1%,respectively. The bio -organic treatment of 3 600 kg/hm2 and 4 800 kg/hm2significantly increased the dry matter accumulation of ChineseChive.Comparedwith conventionalfertilization,the application of 3 600 kg/hm2 and 4 800 kg/hm2 bio-organic fertilizer significantly increasedthe soluble sugar and vitamin C content of chinese chive,which increased by25.0%,28.0% and7.5%,22.0%,and thenitrate content decreased by 19.4% and 25.9%,respectively.Bio -organic fertilizer application had no significant effect onsoluble proteincontent.The soluble sugar and vitamin C content of 3 600 kg/hm2 and 4 800 kg/hm2 bio-organic fertilizer were significantly higher than those of the 2 400 kg/hm2 bio-organic fertilizertreatment.The utilization rate of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers increased with the increase of the amount of bio-organicfertilizer,and the utilization rate of potassium fertilizer was the highest with 2 400 kg/hm2 bio-organicfertilizer.The application of 3 600 kg/hm2 bio-organic fertilizer couldobtain the maximum economic benefit with high yield,significantly improve the quality of chinesechive,increase the drymatter accumulation and the utilization ofnitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer rate.

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王成,吕剑,李静,张婧,唐超男,张迎春,颉建明.不同生物有机肥用量对韭菜产量、品质及养分利用的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2019,(6):204-211.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-01-13
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  • 录用日期:2019-02-02
  • 在线发布日期: 2019-12-25
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