氮肥运筹对寒地水稻产量及光合物质生产的影响
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(1.黑龙江八一农垦大学 /黑龙江省现代农业栽培技术与作物种质改良重点实验室,黑龙江 大庆 163319;2.牡丹江市农业技术推广总站,黑龙江 牡丹江 157000)

作者简介:

姜红芳(1993-),女,黑龙江人,硕士研究生,从事水稻栽培机理研究。E-mail:jhf1921@163.com。

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基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300104);黑龙江八一农垦大学青年创新人才项目(CXRC2017001);黑龙江八一农垦大学科研团队、平台支持计划(TDJH201802);黑龙江八一农垦大学研究生创新科研项目(YJSCX2018-Y03);黑龙江省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(201810223014)。


Effects of nitrogen fertilizer management on yield and photosynthetic matter production of rice in cold regions
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(1.College of Agronmy,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University/Hei -longjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of ModernAgricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement,Daqing Heilongjiang 163319;2.Agricultural TechnologyExtension Station ofMudanjiang,Mudanjiang Heilongjiang157000)

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    摘要:

    为探讨氮肥运筹对寒地水稻产量及光合物质生产的影响,以粳稻品种垦粳 7号和垦粳 8号为试验材料,于 2017~2018年在大田条件下设置 5种氮肥运筹方式:零氮空白处理 T0、农民常规施氮 T1(施氮量 150 kg/hm2,基肥∶追肥 1∶追肥 2=6∶3∶1)、平衡施氮T2(施氮量 150 kg/hm2,基肥∶蘖肥∶调节肥∶穗肥 =4∶3∶1∶2)、减氮 10%施肥T3(施氮量 135 kg/hm2,基肥∶蘖肥∶调节肥∶穗肥 =4∶3∶1∶2)、调节氮肥前移 T4(施氮量 150 kg/hm2,基肥∶蘖肥∶调节肥∶穗肥 =5∶3∶0∶2),其中以 T1为对照,研究氮肥运筹对寒地水稻产量、干物质积累与转运、高效叶面积、光合势、群体生长率和净同化率的影响。结果表明:与 T1相比,T2和 T3的增产幅度分别为 4.12%~12.79%和2.17%~7.11%,T4减产幅度为3.91%~17.32%;T2、T3改善了寒地水稻齐穗期至成熟期的群体结构,提高了群体干物质量、阶段干物质积累量以及叶、茎、鞘的物质输出量、输出率、转化率;此外,T2和T3也分别提高了齐穗期和灌浆盛期的高效叶面积以及拔节至成熟期群体叶面积指数,并使结实期叶面积衰减率分别显著降低了 17.92%和28.92%;T2、T3和 T4虽然降低了分蘖盛期至拔节期水稻光合物质生产,但拔节至成熟期的光合势、群体生长势和净同化率均高于 T1。综上所述,平衡施氮方式和减氮施肥方式能有效地控制移栽至拔节期的物质生产,提高了齐穗期至成熟期光合生产和干物质转化效率,获得较高的群体质量,从而提高水稻产量。

    Abstract:

    The effects of nitrogen fertilizer management on rice yield and photosynthetic production in cold regions werestudied using Japonica rice varieties,Kenjing 7 and Kenjing 8 as experimental materials.Five nitrogen managementmethods were conducted,consisting of zero nitrogentreatment,namelyT0,farmers’traditionalfertilizer,namely T1(150 kg/hm2,basefertilizer∶topdressing1:topdressing 2=6∶3∶1),balanced nitrogenapplication,namely T2(150 kg/hm2,base fertilizer∶tiller fertilizer∶regulated fertilizer∶panicle fertilizer=4∶3∶1∶2),10% nitrogen reductionfertilization,namely T3(135 kg/hm2,base fertilizer∶tiller fertilizer∶regulated fertilizer∶panicle fertilizer=4∶3∶1∶2),regulationof nitrogen fertilizer forward moving,namely T4(150 kg/hm2,base fertilizer∶tiller fertilizer∶regulated fertilizer∶paniclefertilizer=5∶3∶0∶2),and their effects on rice yield,dry matter accumulation and transport,high efficient leafarea,photosynthetic potential,population growth rate and net assimilation rate were studied in cold regions during 2017~2018.The results showed that compared withT1,the yield of T2 and T3 increased by 4.12% to 12.79% and 2.17% to 7.11%respectively,and that of T4 decreased by 3.91% to 17.32% respectively.T2 and T3 improved the rice structure fromfull heading stage to maturity stage of rice,and increased the totaldry matter accumulation,dry matter accumulation atdifferent stages,and theoutput,output rate and transformation rate of leaves,stems and sheaths.Moreover,T2 and T3increased the high efficient leaf area of flagleaf,top 2 leaf and top 3 leaf at both full heading stage and fillingstage,and theleaf area index from jointing to maturitystage,and reduced the leaf area attenuation rate by 17.92% and 28.92% at maturitystage,respectively.Although T2,T3 and T4 decreased the rice photosynthetic production from tillering peak to jointingstage,the photosyntheticpotential,population growth potential and net assimilation rate were higher than those of T1 fromjointing to maturing stage.In conclusion,the balanced and reduced nitrogen fertilization methods can effectively controlthe matter production from transplanting to jointingstage,improve the efficiency of photosynthesis production and dry mattertransformation and transportation from full heading to maturitystage,and obtain higher populationquality,so as to improvericeyield.

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姜红芳,郭晓红,兰宇辰,王鹤璎,胡月,李猛,吕艳东.氮肥运筹对寒地水稻产量及光合物质生产的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2020,(1):45-57.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-01-25
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  • 录用日期:2019-04-21
  • 在线发布日期: 2020-03-30
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