UAN添加氮肥抑制剂对生菜产量、品质及土壤氮平衡的影响
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(1.北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源研究所,新型肥料研究与应用创新团队,北京 100097;2.北京市缓控释肥料工程技术研究中心,北京 100097;3.索尔维中国公司,上海 201108)

作者简介:

杨俊刚(1975-),男,内蒙古土左旗人,副研究员,硕士,主要从事植物营养与新型肥料研发。E-mail:jungangyang@163.com。

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基金项目:

基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0800405,2016YFD0201010);北京市叶类蔬菜创新团队,北京市农委农业科技推动项目“京郊设施蔬菜轻简优质生产技术提升与示范”;北京市农林科学院青年基金项目(QNJJ201611)。


Effects of urea ammonium nitrate(UAN)with N inhibiter on lettuce yield,quality and soil N balance
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Affiliation:

(1.Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resource,Beijing Academy of Agricultural and ForestScience,New fertilizer Research andApplication InnovationTeam,Beijing100097;2.Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center for Slow/Controlled -releaseFertilizer,Beijing100097;3.Solvay,China,Shanghai201108)

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    摘要:

    设施蔬菜生产中过量施氮的现象十分普遍,其高强度的水肥投入和不断扩大的种植面积,对环境的影响和面源污染的贡献越来越大。施用新型肥料是当前实现减肥增效的一个重要技术途径。尿素硝酸铵溶液(UAN)是近年来我国开始施用的一种新型液体氮肥,其在设施蔬菜中的高效应用与技术方法尚不明确。将 UAN与脲酶抑制剂(NBPT)和硝化抑制剂(DCD)组成的双效抑制剂配施,设置田间试验,不同施氮组合分别为:不施氮CK、UAN、UAN+5 kg/t双效抑制剂(ND5)、UAN+8 kg/t双效抑制剂(ND8)、UAN+10 kg/t双效抑制剂(ND10)。采用滴灌施肥,全生育期共施肥 2次,总氮量 144 kg/hm2,滴灌 4次,总灌水量 140 mm。结果表明,在 UAN中添加氮肥抑制剂对生菜产量、品质和环境均有显著影响,生菜产量比 UAN处理增加 10%~ 21%,其中 ND8处理产量最高,添加双效抑制剂的处理其叶片硝酸盐含量有降低趋势,土壤剖面硝态氮残留量也出现下降,有利于减少硝态氮的淋洗损失,减轻环境负荷。施肥增加了氮素表观损失,与 UAN处理相比,添加中高量抑制剂有降低表观损失的趋势。随抑制剂添加量增加,经济收入先增加后降低,施用高量抑制剂产投比下降,经济效益变差。本试验中,液体氮肥 UAN添加中等用量(8 kg/t)的双效抑制剂为兼顾生菜产量、品质与环境经济效益的适宜用量。

    Abstract:

    Excessivenitrogen(N)application is still very common in the greenhouse vegetablecultivation,where high -intensity inputs of water andfertilizers,and increasing planting area result in more and more serious environmental impacts and none-point source pollution.Increasing fertilizer efficiency and reducing the application rate has become a nationalmission.Urea ammoniumnitrate(UAN)is a new type of liquid N fertilizer which is applied in China recently with theincrease of fertigation facilities ingreenhouses,but how to using UAN efficiently in greenhouse systems is notclear.Here we conducted a field experiment with UAN and a mixed-type N inhibitor composed of ureaseinhibitor(NBPT)and nitrificationinhibitor(DCD)applied onlettuce,and five treatments wereCK(no Napplied),UAN,UAN plus the mixed inhibitor at5 kg per ton ofUAN(ND5),UAN plus the mixed inhibitor at 8 kg per ton ofUAN(ND8),UAN plus the mixed inhibitorat 10 kg per ton ofUAN(ND10).Drip irrigation and fertigation were used,two times of fertigation with total N of 144 kg/hm2,four times of irrigation with total irrigation water of 140 mm for the whole growingstage.The results showed that adding the mixed-inhibitor to UAN had significant effects on theyield,quality oflettuce,andenvironment.The yields ofND5,ND8 and ND10 were 10%~21% higher versus UANtreatment,and the highest was from the ND8treatment;the leaf nitrate concentration and soil residual nitrate were also reduced with the mixed-inhibitor,which resulting in less nitrate leachingand lower environmentalload.Applying N fertilizer increased apparent Nlosses,however,there was a decline trend onthe apparent N losses in the ND8 and ND10 treatments compared with the UANtreatment.With the increment of the mixed -inhibitor,economic outputs rose firstly thenfell,and the output -input ratio became lower at the higher rate of the mixed-inhibitor.Based on thisstudy,the mixed -inhibitor at 8 kg/t UAN is the optimal dosage for improving lettuceyield,quality while reducing environmental impacts.

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杨俊刚,李艳梅,孙焱鑫,廖上强,邹国元,顾红艳. UAN添加氮肥抑制剂对生菜产量、品质及土壤氮平衡的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2020,(1):67-74.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-03-15
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  • 录用日期:2019-06-06
  • 在线发布日期: 2020-03-30
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