水稻秸秆还田下磷肥减量对小麦产量及养分利用效率的影响
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(农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室,安徽农业大学资源与环境学院,安徽 合肥230036)

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Effects of reducing phosphorus fertilizer on wheat yield and nutrient use efficiency under rice straw return condition
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(Anhui Province Key Laboratoryof Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention,School of Resources and Environment,Anhui AgricultureUniversity,Hefei Anhui230036)

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    摘要:

    探究秸秆还田后秸秆磷素替代化学磷肥的适宜比例,为秸秆还田后磷肥的科学施用提供理论依据。采用田间试验方法,研究了秸秆粉碎旋耕还田条件下配方施肥及磷肥减量 10%、20%和 30%对小麦磷素吸收累积量、产量及养分利用效率的影响。在秸秆还田的基础上,磷肥施用量减少 10%~ 30%时,小麦植株的磷素含量和累积量随着磷肥施入量的减少先增加后减少,土壤有效磷含量先减少后增加;当磷肥减量 20%时,小麦植株的磷素累积量最高(6.38 mg/株),而土壤有效磷含量最低(24.56 mg/kg)。磷肥施用量减少 10%~ 30%时,小麦有效穗数、每穗粒数、千粒重和产量均随着施用量的减少而呈现先增后减的趋势。秸秆还田基础上磷肥减量低于 20%时,小麦产量差异不显著( P>0.05),且磷肥吸收利用效率较配方施肥分别提高 16.7%、125.9%和 1.9%。秸秆还田条件下磷肥减量 20%以内可提高小麦的磷肥贡献率、磷肥农学效率、磷肥偏生产力和磷肥吸收利用率,且对小麦产量影响不显著(P>0.05)。总体而言,水稻秸秆还田后,在有效磷较为丰富(>20 mg/kg)的土壤上减少磷肥用量 20%以内,不会影响当季小麦的正常生长和产量。

    Abstract:

    To explore the appropriate proportion of straw phosphorus replacing chemical phosphorus fertilizer andprovide theoretical basis for the scientific application of phosphorus fertilizer after returning rice straw tofield,fieldexperiments were carried out to study the effects of recommended fertilization and phosphorus fertilizer reduced by10%,20% and 30% of after rice straw incorporation on phosphorus accumulation,wheat yield and nutrient use efficiency. The content and accumulated quantities of phosphorus in wheat plant were firstly increased and then decreased as thephosphorus fertilizer reduced from 10% to30%,while the content of the soil available phosphorus was decreased at firstand then increased.The highest quantities of phosphorus accumulated in wheatplant(6.38 mg per wheatplant),whereasthe lowest soil available phosphorusconcentrations(24.56mg/kg)were found when the 20% of phosphorus fertilizer werereduced.The effective panicle number,grains perpanicle,1 000 -grain weight and wheat yields were firstly increasedand then decreased with the reduction of phosphorus fertilizer from 10% to30%.Compared with the recommendedphosphorus fertilization treatment,no significant difference of wheatyield( P>0.05)were found when the reduction ofphosphorus fertilizer was less than20%,but the quantities of phosphorus accumulated in wheat plants and phosphorusutilization efficiency increased by16.7%,125.9% and1.9%,respectively.Insummary,compared with the recommendedphosphorus fertilizationtreatments,the reduction of phosphorus fertilizer within 20% after rice straw incorporation into soilincreased phosphorus fertilizer contributionrate,agronomicefficiency,partial productivity of phosphorus fertilizer andphosphorus utilization efficiency of wheatplant,whereas it has no significant impacts on wheatyield( P>0.05).Generallyspeaking,after rice straw returned to thefield,reducing the amount of phosphorus fertilizer application within 20% with highsoil availablephosphorus(>20 mg/kgcontent)would not affect the normal growth and yield of wheat in the current season.

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史燕捷,金梦灿,朱远芃,马超,叶新新,郜红建.水稻秸秆还田下磷肥减量对小麦产量及养分利用效率的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2020,(1):75-81.

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  • 在线发布日期: 2020-03-30
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