我国秸秆资源养分还田利用潜力及技术分析
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(沈阳农业大学,辽宁 沈阳 110866)

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李一(1993-),男,辽宁盘锦人,硕士研究生,研究方向为资源管理。E-mail:839110718@qq.com。

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Study on potential of straw resource nutrient return to field and application technology in China
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(Shenyang AgriculturalUniversity,Liaoning Shenyang110866)

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    摘要:

    我国秸秆资源量丰富,且含有大量的养分,将这些养分还田利用,不但可以减少化肥的投入,还可以避免资源浪费,保护生态环境。通过资料收集和数据统计,对我国的秸秆资源状况、空间分布、养分利用潜力及养分还田技术进行了分析。结果显示:2017年我国秸秆资源量约为 8.55亿 t,秸秆全量还田养分输入量分别为758.66万t(N)、238.84万t(P 2O5)、1 316.36万t(K 2O),分别可替代当年约 34.15%的氮肥、29.95%的磷肥、

    Abstract:

    Straw resources are huge and contain a lot of nutrients inChina.Returning these nutrients back to the farmlandwill not only reduce the input offertilizers,but also avoid waste of resources and protect the ecologicalenvironment.Throughdata collection andstatistics,the status of strawresources,spatialdistribution,potential of nutrient utilization and strawreturning technology counter measures were analyzed.The results showed that in2017,the amount of straw resources inChina are about 855 million tons,and the theoretical nutrient content is about:7.586 6 million t(N),2.388 4 milliont(P 2O5)and 13.163 6 milliont(K 2O),which can replace 34.15% nitrogenfertilizer,29.95% phosphate fertilizer and 212.40% potash fertilizer of theyear.According to the actual straw utilization and nutrient returning rate in the currentyear,straw resources can replace about 19.38% of nitrogenfertilizer,23.28% of phosphate fertilizer and 166.81% of potashfertilizer.Therefore,straw nutrient returning to the field not only has a huge potential for replacingfertilizer,but also hasa large potential for improvement.In addition,straw also contains 342.389 4 million t of organic carbon resources(notincluding cottonstalks),if calculated at 30% conversionrate,there will be more than 100 million t of straw organic carbonreturning to the soil.Three regions with the highest straw nutrient content in China were selected,and the straw nutrientreturning technology wasanalyzed.It was suggested that ploughing or rotary tillage should be used in the northeastregion,and deep tillage should be carried out regularly.In huang -huai-hai area,wheat straw pulverized and covered returning,corn stalks pulverized and rotary tillage returning should be used as the mainmethod,and be accompanied by increasing thedepth of ploughing,returning the straw to the field in time,and carrying out deep turning or deep looseningregularly.Inthe middle and lower area of the YangtzeRiver,the technology of strawpulverization,rotary tillage and mixed burial shouldbe the main method,and the mechanical cutting and the depth of rotary tillage should be strictlycontrolled.Secondly,in the northeast and huang-huai-hai area,the straw compost returning to field and livestock manure returning after feeding strawshould be used as important supplement for mechanized directreturning.In the middle and lower area of the YangtzeRiver,the technology of straw maturity returning should bepromoted.

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李一,王秋兵.我国秸秆资源养分还田利用潜力及技术分析[J].中国土壤与肥料,2020,(1):119-126.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-02-26
  • 最后修改日期:
  • 录用日期:2019-04-10
  • 在线发布日期: 2020-03-30
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