洱海流域稻田综合种养对田面水氮素和水稻产量的影响
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(1.云南农业大学资源与环境学院,云南 昆明 650201;2.云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所,云南 昆明 650205;3.中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,农业农村部面源污染控制重点实验室,北京 100081)

作者简介:

崔荣阳(1993-),男,云南昆明人,在读硕士研究生,主要从事面源污染及土壤氮素迁移转化等研究,E-mail:cuirongyang@163.com。

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Effects of comprehensive planting and breeding from paddy fields on surface water nitrogen and rice yield in Erhai basin
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(1.College of Resourcesand EnvironmentScience,Yunnan agriculturalUniversity,Kunming650201;2.Institute of Agricultural Environmental Resources Research,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming650205;3.Institute of Agricultural Resources and RegionalPlanning,Chinese Academy of AgriculturalSciences,Key Laboratory of NonpointSourcePollutioncontrol,Ministry of Agriculture and Ruralaffairs,Beijing100081)

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    摘要:

    合理的综合种养模式及密度对实现洱海流域稻季氮肥减量和稻田氮素减排至关重要。通过对稻鸭、稻蟹共作模式的田间定点试验,分析了不同养殖密度与氮肥优化下两种稻季综合种养模式对田面水氮素动态变化及水稻产量的影响。结果表明:田面水 TN、NH 4+-N、NO3--N浓度在施肥后上升,3~ 5 d后达到峰值,之后迅速下降趋于平稳,TN、NH 4+-N后期略有小幅度上升。相对于常规处理(HT),空白处理(CK)、低密度养蟹处理(CL)、高密度养蟹处理(CH)、低密度养鸭处理(DL)、高密度养鸭处理(DH)田面水 TN浓度分别降低了 28.8%、14.7%、14.1%、7.3%、3.1%,NH 4+-N浓度分别降低了27.4%、15.1%、24.7%、11.0%、24.7%,NO 3--N浓度CK降低了30.0%,CL、CH、DL、DH分别提高了15.0%、5.0%、40.0%、25.0%;稻鸭共作能够显著降低 NH 4+-N/Nmin值,显著增加 NO 3--N/Nmin值,而稻蟹共作对 NH 4+-N/Nmin和 NO 3--N/Nmin值影响不显著;稻鸭和稻蟹共作对 N min/TN、ON/TN值无显著影响。与 HT处理相比,CL、CH、DL和 CK处理水稻产量分别显著提高了11.4%、9.4%、9.2%和5.1%,而 DH却降低 4.1%。稻鸭、稻蟹共作模式减少了氮肥施用量,低密度养鸭 /蟹处理与氮肥优化相结合更有利于保证水稻产量。

    Abstract:

    The reasonable comprehensive planting and breeding patterns and densities are essential to reduce the applicationof nitrogen fertilizer in the rice season and the nitrogen loss from paddy fields in Erhai Lakebasin.The effects of two patterns of comprehensive planting and breeding on the dynamic changes of surface water nitrogen and rice yields were analyzed by the field experiments of rice-duck and rice-crabcomplex ecosystem in different breeding densities and optimization of nitrogenfertilization.Theresults showed that the concentrations ofTN,NH 4+-N and NO3--N in surface water increased after fertilization and reached a peak after 3~5d,then declined sharply and tended tobestable.While TN and NH 4+-N increased slightly in the laterstage.Compared with conventional treatments(HT),TN concentration in surface water inCK,low -densitycrab treatments(CL),high -densitycrab treatments(CH),low-density duck treatments(DL),high -density duck treatments(DH)decreasedby28.8%,14.7%,14.1%,7.3% and3.1%,respectively.NH 4+-N concentration decreasedby27.4%,15.1%,24.7%,11.0% and 24.7%,respectively.NO 3--N concentration of surface water in CK decreasedby 30.0%,and CL,CH,DL,DH increased by15.0%,5.0%,40.0% and25.0%,respectively.Compared withHT,rice -duckcomplex ecosystem reduced the value of NH4+-N/Nminsignificantly,and increased the value of NO 3--N/Nminsignificantly,while there were no significant change for the value of NH4+-N/Nmin and NO3--N/Nmin in rice-crabcomplexecosystem.Rice -duckand rice-crabcomplex ecosystem had no significant effect on Nmin/TN and ON/TNvalues.Compared withHT,the rice yields ofCL,CH,DL and CK increased significantly by11.4%,9.4%,9.2% and5.1%,respectively;while DH decreased by4.1%. The rice-duck and rice-crabcomplex ecosystem reduced the application of nitrogenfertilizer,low -density duck/crab treatmentand nitrogen fertilizer optimization were moreconducive to ensuring the riceyield.

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崔荣阳,刘宏斌,毛昆明,毛妍婷,陈安强,雷宝坤.洱海流域稻田综合种养对田面水氮素和水稻产量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2020,(1):127-134.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-02-01
  • 最后修改日期:
  • 录用日期:2019-06-07
  • 在线发布日期: 2020-03-30
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