稻秸秆与二种不同废弃物堆腐制备基质的研究
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(江苏太湖地区农业科学研究所 /苏州市农业科学院 /国家土壤质量相城观测试验站,江苏 苏州 215155)

作者简介:

周新伟(1971-),男,江苏苏州人,副研究员,主要从事农业资源与环境研究。E-mail:752662973@qq.com。

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基金项目:

基金项目:江苏省重点研发计划(现代农业)(BE2018317);苏州市科技发展计划项目(SNG2017080);苏州市科技发展计划项目(SNG2018086)。


Research on rice straw and two different wastes composting for preparing substrates
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(TaihuResearch Institute of agricultural Sciences/Suzhou City Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Scientific Observation&National Agricultural Experimental Station for SoilQuality,Xiangcheng,Suzhou215155)

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    摘要:

    为了改良农作物秸秆制备栽培基质中 pH值、EC值偏高,通气孔隙度、持水孔隙度等理化性质不良等问题,研究了在秸秆预处理(堆腐)过程中添加酒糟对基质理化性质的影响。以稻秸秆中混入体积比例 20%的菇渣作为基质堆腐处理的对照(CK),采用在高温好氧堆腐及穴盘育苗试验的方法,研究了混入相同比例的酒糟及腐熟物料组配无机物珍珠岩等方法,对基质理化性质、蔬菜幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,在堆腐阶段稻秸秆 +酒糟有利于高温堆腐进程,提高堆腐效率。堆腐温度大于 50℃的高温维持天数较对照增加 14d,平均堆腐温度较对照增高 9.50℃,稻秸秆 +酒糟处理最终腐熟物 pH值、EC值较对照分别下降 15.0%、26.8%。稻秸秆 +酒糟腐熟物组配珍珠岩后,进一步降低了 EC值( P<0.05),基质物理性质也得到提高( P<0.05),从而促进了幼苗地上与地下部分的生长,稻秸秆 +酒糟腐熟物料与珍珠岩的体积比例以 7∶3较好。采用稻秸秆堆腐制备基质过程中,加入体积比例 20%的酒糟能提高堆腐效率,有效改善腐熟物料中 pH值、EC值等不良理化性质,为稻秸秆的基质化利用提供了方法。

    Abstract:

    To improve poor physicochemical properties suchas pH,EC value in the strawcultivating medium,the effectsof rice straw pretreatment with distillers grains incomposting on the physicochemical properties of substrate were studied.Straw mixed with 20% mushroom residue was setasacontrol forcomposting(CK),the methods of mixing the same proportion of distiller’s grainsand ripening materials with inorganic perlite werestudied.The physical and chemical properties ofthe substrateand vegetable seedlings were studied.The results showed that during composting the straw + distillers ’ graintreatment was beneficial to improve the composting process and efficiency. The duration of temperature>50 ℃ was increasedby14 days thanCK,the average heap rot temperature was 9.50 ℃ higher than control.The final pH and EC value of straw morsels treated with straw + distillers’grain were decreased by 15.0% and26.8%.Straw with distiller ’s grains compost and perlite significantly decreased EC valueand improved the physical properties suchas vent porosity and water holding porosity(P<0.05).The indexes suchas fresh weight per plant,dry weight per plant,strong seedling index,root dry weight perplant,average diameter of roots were also significantly improved( P<0.05),and the volume ratio of perishable materialsand perlite was betterat 7 ∶3.During the process of preparing the substrate by straw,the addition of 20% by volume of distillers can improve the efficiency of composting and effectively improve the physicochemical properties suchas pH and ECvalue of the decomposedmaterial,which providea method for the matrix utilization ofstraw.

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周新伟,王海候,陆长婴,金梅娟,施林林,陶玥玥,沈明星.稻秸秆与二种不同废弃物堆腐制备基质的研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2020,(1):147-152.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-01-07
  • 最后修改日期:
  • 录用日期:2019-03-02
  • 在线发布日期: 2020-03-30
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