In order to understand the growth promoting effects of plant growth promotingrhizobacteria(PGPR)agents onchilli under the field condition and its effect on the microbial structure of rhizospheresoil，the compound bacterial agentswere prepared with four PGPR strains screened in the early studying stage，three treatments were setup，including 100%chemicalfertilizer(CK)，100% chemical fertilizer plus PGPR compound bacteriaagents，and 80% chemical fertilizerplus PGPR compound bacteria agents.Root irrigation treated with PGPR compound bacteria agents was carried out inseedling stage，fruiting stage and full productivestage，respectively.The plantheight，stemdiameter，yield and thechange of rhizosphere microbial structure of chilli under different treatments weremeasured.The results showedthat:PGPRcompound bacterial agents effectively promoted the increase of plant height and stem diameter ofchilli.Compared with the100% chemical fertilizer treatment，the yield per plant and the number of fruit increased by34.14%，38.62%，47.44%and52.89%，respectively，and the fresh chilli yield increased by about 9 000～ 10 000 kg/hm².After treated with PGPRcompound bacterialagents，the total numbers of soil microorganisms and bacteria increasedsignificantly，whereas thenumber of fungi decreased，the number of actinomycetes increased significantly at full productiveperiod.The number of functional bacteria such as phosphorus-dissolving，potassium-dissolving and nitrogen-fixing bacteria increased ingeneral，and the increase was notconsistent.To sumup，the application of PGPR compound bacteria agents have a significant effect on the growth promotion of chilli and affect the soil microbial structure in the rhizosphere of chilli.