不同覆盖材料对避雨葡萄园土壤生物活性的影响
作者:
作者单位:

(1.四川农业大学果蔬研究所,四川 成都 611130;2.四川省农业科学院园艺研究所,四川 成都 610066)

作者简介:

罗玲(1993-),女,四川乐山人,在读硕士研究生,从事果树栽培理论与技术研究。E-mail:912778396@qq.com。

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基金项目:

基金项目:四川省重点研发项目(2018NZ0147)。


Effects of different mulching materials on soil biological activities in sheltered vineyard
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Affiliation:

(1.Institute of Pomology and Olericulture SichuanAgriculturalUniversity,Chengdu Sichuan611130;2.Horticulture ResearchInstitute,Sichuan Academy of AgriculturalSciences,Chengdu Sichuan610066)

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    摘要:

    采用田间试验,研究了秸秆、地布、透明地膜及反光膜地表覆盖对避雨栽培葡萄园土壤有机碳、土壤酶活性、微生物量及其代谢的影响。结果表明:与不覆盖相比,除反光膜覆盖处理的土壤酶综合活性无显著提高外,4种覆盖材料均可显著提高土壤酶综合活性、微生物总量及微生物量碳、微生物熵,促进土壤养分释放,其中秸秆覆盖效果最好;秸秆覆盖可增加土壤有机碳含量,地布、透明地膜及反光膜覆盖则降低土壤有机碳含量;秸秆和地布覆盖下土壤呼吸强度增强,透明地膜和反光膜覆盖下则相反;4种覆盖材料均可降低土壤微生物代谢熵,提高微生物对土壤有机碳的利用率,其中透明地膜覆盖下土壤微生物代谢熵最低。主成分分析结果表明,4种覆盖材料均可提高葡萄避雨栽培园土壤生物活性,效果依次为秸秆覆盖 >地布覆盖 >透明地膜覆盖 >反光膜覆盖;权重分析结果表明,微生物代谢熵、微生物熵、呼吸强度、微生物量碳和蔗糖酶活性、土壤酶指数共 6个指标是评价土壤生物活性的重要指标。过氧化氢酶对葡萄生长期差异引起的生存环境变化较不敏感,可作为避雨栽培葡萄园中土壤酶活性差异的指示指标。

    Abstract:

    A field experiment was conducted to compare the effects of four mulching materials(straw,ground cloth,white plastic film and reflective plastic film)and a no -mulching control on soil organic carbon,soil enzyme activities,microbial quantities and its metabolism in a shelteredvineyard.The results showedthat,compared with the situationwithoutmulching,except for the soil enzyme comprehensive activity of reflective plastic film mulching was not significantlyimproved,the four mulching materials all significantly increased the comprehensive activities of soilenzyme,total microbialquantities,microbial biomass carbon and microbialquotient,and stimulated the release of soil nutrients,in which strawmulching worked best.Straw mulching increased soil organic carboncontent,while groundcloth,white plastic film andreflective plastic film mulching reduced soil organic carboncontent.Soil respiration intensity was enhanced under straw andground cloth mulching,while weakened under white and reflective plastic film mulching.The four mulching materials allreduced the soil microbial metabolic quotient and improved the utilization rate of soil organic carbon bymicrobes,and the soilmicrobial metabolic quotient was the lowest under the white plasticfilm.The principal components analysis demonstrated thatthe four mulching materials all improved soil biological activity of shelteredvineyard,the effect was straw mulching>groundcloth mulching>white plastic film mulching>reflective plastic film mulching.According to the weight analysis result,thesix indexes including microbial metabolicquotient,microbialquotient,respirationintensity,microbial biomasscarbon,invertase activity and soil enzyme index were important to soil biologicalactivity.Soil catalase was insensitive to changes inthe living environment caused by the difference of grapephenophase,and could be used as an indicator of the difference in soil enzyme activity in sheltered vineyard.

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罗玲,刘伟,钟奇,王进,吕秀兰.不同覆盖材料对避雨葡萄园土壤生物活性的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2020,(2):66-74.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-04-22
  • 最后修改日期:
  • 录用日期:2019-06-07
  • 在线发布日期: 2020-05-07
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