稻田氨挥发损失和水稻产量对不同水氮处理的响应
作者:
作者单位:

(1.长江大学农学院,湖北 荆州 434025;2.中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京 100081;3.中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京 100081)

作者简介:

李然(1992-),男,湖北仙桃人,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为土壤培肥与改良。E-mail:799930704@qq.com。

通讯作者:

基金项目:

基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目“农畜牧业氨排放污染高效控制技术”(2018YFC0213300);国家科技支撑计划项目“典型陆地生态系统减排增汇增产关键技术及示范”(2015BAC02B06)。


Responses of ammonia volatilization and grain yield under different water and fertilizer practices in a rice paddy
Author:
Affiliation:

(1.CollegeofAgriculture,YangtzeUniversity,Jingzhou Hubei434025;2.Institute of Agricultural Resources and RegionalPlanning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing100081;3.Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development inAgriculture,Chinese Academy of AgriculturalSciences,Beijing100081)

Fund Project:

  • 摘要
  • |
  • 图/表
  • |
  • 访问统计
  • |
  • 参考文献
  • |
  • 相似文献
  • |
  • 引证文献
  • |
  • 资源附件
    摘要:

    为了实现减少氨挥发带来的环境负效应和增加作物产量的目的,在典型的江汉平原稻作区,设计 4种不同的水氮管理模式:1)U+CI(普通尿素 +常规灌溉),对照(CK);2)US+SWD(普通尿素减氮 20%+薄浅湿晒节水灌溉);3)CRU+CI(树脂包膜控释尿素 +常规灌溉);4)CRUS+SWD(树脂包膜控释尿素减氮 20%+薄浅湿晒节水灌溉),探究了减氮与节水灌溉搭配的条件下,控释尿素对稻田氨挥发损失和水稻产量的影响。结果表明:不同水氮处理间稻田土壤铵态氮浓度无显著差异,但在水稻不同生育期间差异显著,表现为返青期 >分蘖期、孕穗期、抽穗期 >成熟期;各水氮处理氨挥发最高峰出现在施肥后的 1~ 3 d,其中CRU+CI的氨挥发速率最快,为 N 1.46 kg·hm -2·d-1。在整个晚稻生长季,基肥期和分蘖期是氨挥发的主要时期;节水减氮搭配下,常规施肥稻田的氨挥发总量显著小于控释肥处理稻田的氨挥发总量。其中 US+SWD分别比 CRU+CI和 CRUS+SWD氨挥发总量降低了 21.3%和15.3%,损失率分别降低了 0.9%和14.8%;其中 U+CI的氨挥发总量分别比 CRU+CI和 CRUS+SWD的氨挥发总量降低了 15.7%和 9.4%,损失率分别降低了15.5%和 27.3%。稻田氨挥发损失量与土壤铵态氮浓度显著正相关。相比 U+CI(CK),CRU+CI的水稻产量和CRUS+SWD的水稻产量均显著增加,其中 CRU+CI增加了17.4%,CRUS+SWD增加了11.0%,而两个处理之间的水稻产量没有显著差异。因此,综合增产效应和节能减排效应,CRUS+SWD是该区域目前最佳的水肥管理方式。

    Abstract:

    In order to reduce the negative environmental effects caused by ammonia volatilization and increase the grainyield, four different water management and nitrogen schemes were designed for the late rice in a typical rice-growing area of the JianghanPlain,including:1)U+CI:common urea with conventionalirrigation,as thecontrol(CK);2)US+SWD:20% reduction of common urea nitrogen with“thin and shallow alternate wetting drying”water-savingirrigation;3)CRU+CI:polymer -coated ureawith conventional irrigation;4)CRUS+SWD:20% reduction of polymer -coated urea nitrogen with“thin and shallow alternate wetting drying”water-savingirrigation.Responses of nitrogen reduction with water -saving irrigation and controlled-release urea onammonia volatilization loss and grain yield were measured.Results showed that there was no significant difference in the contentof ammonium nitrogen in paddy soils with different water and nitrogentreatments,but there were significant differences in differentgrowth periods of rice,ranked as:regreening stage>tillering stage,booting stage,heading stage>maturity stage.The NH 3volatilization peak among different treatments occurred within one to three days after fertilization,and the ammonia volatilization rateof CRU+CI treatment was thefastest(N 1.46 kg·hm -2·d-1).During the whole growing season of the laterice,base stage andtillering stage were the main periods of ammoniavolatilization.Under nitrogen reduction with water -saving irrigationcondition, the ammonia volatilization loss in conventional fertilized paddy field was significantly less than that of controlled releasefertilizer treatment.The total ammonia volatilization amount and the loss rates in US+SWD treatment reduced by21.3%,0.9%and15.3%,14.8%,respectively,compared with CRU+CI and CRUS+SWD.The total ammonia volatilization amount andthe loss rate in U+CI treatment reduced by15.7%,15.5% and9.4%,27.3%,respectively,compared with CRU+CI orCRUS+SWD.There was a significant positive correlation between ammonia emission and soil ammonium nitrogen content inpaddy fields.Compared with U+CI(CK),the grain yield of CRU+CI and CRUS+SWD increased significantly by 17.4%and11.0%,respectively.But the rice yield of CRUS+SWD was not significantly different from that of CRU+CI.Thus, CRUS+SWD is the best fertilization method for increasing the grain yield and reducing environmental risks.

    参考文献
    相似文献
    引证文献
引用本文

李然,蔡威威,艾天成,申华平,武红亮,王斌,李如楠.稻田氨挥发损失和水稻产量对不同水氮处理的响应[J].中国土壤与肥料,2020,(3):47-54.

复制
分享
文章指标
  • 点击次数:
  • 下载次数:
历史
  • 收稿日期:2019-10-14
  • 最后修改日期:
  • 录用日期:2019-12-25
  • 在线发布日期: 2020-07-13
《中国土壤与肥料》招聘启事
关闭