Through two years of field site-specific experiment，the effects of straw returning and tillage methods onsoil microbial biomass，soil enzyme activity and yield of peanut plough layer in Horqin wind -sand field were studied to explore the cultivation methods suitable for high yield of peanut under semi-arid condition of wind and sand in westernLiaoning.Six treatments were setup: no-tillage，no strawreturning(RN)，conventional ploughing and no straw returning(RS)，ridge no straw returning(RD)，no -till straw returning(TN)，conventional conversion straw tofield(TS)，ridge straw returning tofield(TD).The results showed that soil microbial biomasscarbon，nitrogen，phosphorus content and soil enzyme activity in straw returning treatments were higher than those without straw returning treatments under thesame tillageconditions，which indicated that straw returning significantly increased soil microbial biomasscarbon，nitrogen，phosphorus content and enzyme activity. Under the same straw returningcondition，compared with conventional tillage andridge ploughingtreatment，no -tillage treatment significantly increased soil microbial biomasscarbon，nitrogen，phosphorus content and soil enzyme activity. Under no-tillage straw returningtreatment，peanut yield was 4.32% higher than that ofwithout straw returning treatment. Insummary，no -tillage straw returning treatment can significantly increase soil microbialbiomasscarbon，nitrogen，phosphorus content and soil enzymeactivity，improve the biological fertility of ploughingsoil， and promote crop yield.