河北省主要苹果产区土壤养分状况与演变
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(河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院,河北 保定 071000)

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郭巨秋(1993-),男,河北保定市人,硕士,主要研究新型肥料开发与高效施肥。E-mail:706615630@qq.com。

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基金项目:河北省科技厅重点研发计划项目(18227510D)。


Soil nutrient status and evolution of main apple producing areas in Hebei Province
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(College of Resources andEnvironmentalSciences,Agricultural University ofHebei,Baoding Hebei071000)

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    摘要:

    通过对河北省主要果园产区的土壤养分测定、定位监测等方法,研究了河北省土壤养分现状与动态变化及其养分在 0~ 60 cm土壤剖面的分布特点,旨在为苹果的科学施肥提供理论依据。主要结果:河北省主要苹果园 0~ 20 cm土壤全氮、有机质、有效磷、速效钾、有效铁、有效锌平均含量分别为 1.16 g/kg、17.99 g/kg、118.26mg/kg、329.70mg/kg,15.33mg/kg、3.69mg/kg,同比于第二次土壤普查时期,各养分含量分别增加了 0.43g/kg、6.49 g/kg、111.96mg/kg、201.50mg/kg、7.13mg/kg、3.16mg/kg。有机质及养分含量分布:基于第二次土壤普查分级标准,土壤有机质在 10.00~ 20.00 g/kg的果园占60.3%,处于较低水平;全氮在 1.00~ 1.50 g/kg果园占44.5%,处于中等水平;有效磷 >40.00mg/kg、速效钾 >200.00 mg/kg分别占78.5%、61.8%,均处于较高水平。随着果园种植时间的增加,果园土壤养分含量均呈直线增加趋势,有效磷和速效钾积累速率显著高于全氮、有机质、有效铁、有效锌的增加速率。土壤养分空间分布特点:土壤养分以 0~ 20 cm积累为主,定位实验 31年的果园中 20~ 40和40~ 60 cm土层土壤有机质、有效磷、速效钾分别相当于 0~ 20 cm的50.8%、59.8%、74.0%和42.3%、27.0%、55.9%。在种植年限为 30~ 40年的果园中,土壤 pH明显降低,其 0~20、20~40、40~ 60 cm土层土壤 pH值较小于 10年果园分别下降 1.09、0.41、0.27个单位。主要结论:苹果园土壤有效磷、速效钾积累与树龄呈直线相关,且土壤有效磷、速效钾增幅显著高于土壤有机质、有效铁、有效锌的增幅,是导致土壤养分失衡的主要原因;建议增施有机肥、配合适量铁肥和锌肥平衡果园土壤养分以逐渐提高果园土壤供肥生产能力。

    Abstract:

    Extensive measurements on soil nutrients over main orchard producing areas in combination with in situ monitoringat some sites were conducted in this study to investigate the currentstatus,dynamic changes as well as the vertical distribution of nutrients in 0~ 60 cm soil for providing insightful support for the scientific recommendation of nutrientmanagement. Results showedthat:the contents of totalnitrogen,organicmatter,availablephosphorus,availablepotassium,available iron and available zinc in 0~ 20 cm soil of main apple orchard in Hebei Province were 1.16g/kg,17.99g/kg,118.26mg/kg,329.70mg/kg,15.33 mg/kg and 3.69mg/kg,respectively,which were greater of 0.43g/kg,6.49g/kg,111.96 mg/kg,201.50 mg/kg,7.13 mg/kg and 3.16mg/kg,respectively compared with the second soil survey in 1980~ 1985. Statusof soil organic matter andnutrients:based on the standards of the second soilcensus,orchard with 10.00~ 20.00 g/kg ofsoil organic matter accounted for60.3%,which was at a lowlevel;orchard with 1.00~ 1.50 g/kg of total nitrogen accountedfor44.5%,which was at a medium level;available phosphorus >40.00 mg/kg and available potassium >200.00 mg/kgaccounted for 78.5% and 61.8% respectively,which were all at a high level.Meanwhile,soil nutrients linearly increasedwith the orchardcultivation,where the increases of soil available phosphorus and potassium were greater than the valuesof soil totalnitrogen,organic matter,available iron and available zinc. Status of vertical distribution of soil nutrients: soil nutrients in the 30-year old orchard mainly accumulated in the 0~ 20 cmsoil,and the available phosphorus and availablepotassium in the 20~ 40 and 40~ 60 cm soil layers were approximately 50.8%,59.8%,74.0% and42.3%,27.0% and 55.9% of those in 0~20cm,respectively. Soil pH decreased clearly after 30~40 yearscultivation,and it was about1.09,0.41 and 0.27 lower than the values of 0~20,20~ 40 and 40~ 60 cm layers of orchard in 10years,respectively. Inconclusion,soil nutrients of apple orchard linearly increased with cultivation years although the soil available phosphorus andpotassium increased much faster than those of soil organicmatter,available iron andzinc,indicating a trend of soil nutrientsimbalance,degradation and acidification. Therefore,increasing application of organic fertilizers,iron and zinc will be helpful for improving the soil fertility production capacity of apple orchard in Hebei.

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郭巨秋,刘建玲,谢娇,吴晶,郭玉冰,孙志朋.河北省主要苹果产区土壤养分状况与演变[J].中国土壤与肥料,2020,(3):157-163.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-12-28
  • 最后修改日期:
  • 录用日期:2020-01-23
  • 在线发布日期: 2020-07-13
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