基于临界氮浓度的加工番茄优化施肥效应研究
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(1.石河子大学农学院,新疆 石河子 832000;2.特色果蔬栽培生理与种质资源利用兵团重点实验室,新疆 石河子 832000)

作者简介:

景博(1992-),男,甘肃通渭人,硕士研究生,主要从事作物生理生态研究。E-mail:1415033152@qq.com。支撑。

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基金项目:

基金项目:石河子大学科研计划项目(CGZH201803);国家重点项目(2015GA891008)。


Estimation of optimum fertilization effect of processed tomato based on critical nitrogen concentration
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(1.College ofAgricultural,Shihezi University,Shihezi Xinjiang832000;2.Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Featured Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm ResourcesUtilization,Shihezi Xinjiang832000)

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    摘要:

    为研究基于临界氮浓度模型的施肥方案下加工番茄对氮素的吸收利用、氮营养指数和氮素亏缺值的影响,选用新疆大面积种植的加工番茄品种“里格尔 87-5”为研究对象,设置不施氮(N0)、施氮 200 kg·hm -2(N1)、施氮 300 kg·hm -2(N2)和施氮 400 kg·hm -2(N3)4个处理进行田间试验。结果表明,在拉秧期施氮 300 kg·hm-2处理的干物质积累量最高,施氮 400 kg·hm -2处理不会促进干物质的增加;氮浓度在各取样日随施氮量的增加而增加,且随着生育期的推进呈下降趋势。施氮 300 kg·hm -2处理的氮素吸收量在拉秧期最高,两年分别为 289.49和 263.59 kg·hm -2;各处理随着生育期的推进,氮素积累量往果实中转移,且施氮 300 kg·hm -2处理的氮素转移量最大。在加工番茄苗期阶段施氮 300 kg·hm -2和施氮 400 kg·hm -2的处理均会使加工番茄田间氮素过量,施氮 200 kg·hm -2处理的氮营养指数最接近 1,且氮亏缺量在各处理间无明显差异;在开花期后施氮 300 kg·hm -2处理的氮营养指数最接近 1,且氮亏缺量最接近 0。新疆滴灌加工番茄的最佳氮肥施用总量为 278 kg·hm-2,苗期至开花期、开花至坐果期、坐果至红熟期和红熟至拉秧期的施氮比例分别为 16%、26%、49%和9%,此施肥方案为氮素的充分利用和加工番茄的持续高产提供了技术支撑。

    Abstract:

    In order to study the effects of processing tomato on nitrogen absorption and utilization,nitrogen nutrition index (NNI)and nitrogen deficit(Nand)under the fertilization scheme based on the critical nitrogen concentration model,the processing tomato variety“liger 87-5”widely planted in Xinjiang was selected as the research object,and four nitrogen application levels were set:no nitrogen(N0),200 kg·hm -2(N1),300 kg·hm -2(N2)and 400 kg·hm -2(N3)by fieldexperiments.The results showed that the dry matter accumulation of 300 kg·hm -2treatment was thehighest,and 400 kg·hm-2treatment did not promote the dry mattercontent.The nitrogen concentration increased with the increase of nitrogen application on each samplingday,and decreased with the advance of growthperiod.The nitrogen uptake of 300 kg·hm -2 treatment was the highest in the seedling stage,which was 289.49 and 263.59 kg·hm -2in two years,respectively. With the development of the plant,the nitrogen accumulation transferred to the fruit,and the nitrogen transfer of 300 kg·hm-2treatment was the largest.In the seedling stage of processing tomato,the treatment of applying 300 and 400 kg·hm-2led to excessive nitrogen in the field of processingtomato.The NNI of 200 kg·hm -2treatment was close to1,and the Nand was no significant difference among the treatments.The NNI of 300 kg·hm -2 treatment was close to 1 and the Nand was close to 0 after floweringperiod.The best total amount of nitrogen application for drip irrigation processing tomato in Xinjiang is 278 kg·hm-2.The proportion of nitrogen application from seedling stage to floweringstage,from flowering stage to fruit settingstage,from fruit setting to red ripening stage and from red ripening to seedling pulling stage is16%,26%,49% and9%,respectively.This scheme provides technical support for the full utilization of nitrogen and the continuous high yield of processing tomato.

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景博,刁明,张坤,郭鹏飞,万文亮,牛宁.基于临界氮浓度的加工番茄优化施肥效应研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2020,(6):205-212.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-09-20
  • 最后修改日期:
  • 录用日期:2019-12-27
  • 在线发布日期: 2021-01-21
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