土地利用方式影响黄棕壤有机质周转和分配
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(南京信息工程大学,江苏 南京 210044)

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王文俊(1999-),学士,主要从事土壤有机质周转的研究。E-mail:530307632@qq.com。

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基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(41471240)。


Land-use types affect the turnover and distribution of soil organic matter in yellow brown soil
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(Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology,Nanjing Jiangsu 210044)

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    摘要:

    土地利用方式影响土壤有机质平衡和周转。选取南京信息工程大学农业气象实验站长期定位试验的3种利用方式即水稻小麦(稻麦)轮作、大豆小麦(豆麦)轮作和自然植被(休闲)土壤作为研究对象。将土壤筛分团聚体和进行密度分组,测定全土有机质含量和13C丰度、各组分有机质含量,计算全土有机质周转率和半衰期,以揭示土地利用方式对土壤有机质含量及稳定性的影响。结果表明:与休闲处理相比,稻麦轮作对全土有机质含量无明显影响,而豆麦轮作降低了全土有机质含量。稻麦轮作促进了微团聚体黏结形成大团聚体,增加了土壤团聚体的平均重量直径。密度组分的结果表明,稻麦轮作中土壤游离态轻组和闭蓄态轻组有机质含量均未见明显变化,这是保持全土有机质含量无明显增加的主控因素。稻麦轮作处理土壤有机质的高周转率和较短半衰期有利于土壤有机质的更新和养分的释放。豆麦轮作破坏了大团聚体,且有机质源输入较少,土壤有机质的周转率相对较低,不利于有机质的周转和保持其含量稳定。相关分析的结果证实,粒径大于1 mm团聚体、游离态轻组和闭蓄态轻组中有机质含量都与全土有机质含量显著正相关。上述结果表明,在黄棕壤区,稻麦轮作不仅可以保持土壤有机质的含量,还会促进土壤有机质的更新周转,从而提高土壤肥力水平,是未来农业可持续发展需要的科学有效耕作方式。

    Abstract:

    Land-use types can affect the balance and turnover of soil organic matter.Three land-use types located in the long-term experiment in Agricultural Aerography Experimental Station of Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology,including rice-wheat rotation (rice-wheat),soybean-wheat rotation (soybean-wheat) and natural vegetation (fallow) were selected as research objects.The soil samples were separated into various size aggregates and density fractions. The concentrations of soil organic matter and 13C abundance in bulk soil were used to calculate turnover rate and half-life time of soil organic matter.Moreover,the concentrations of soil organic matter in density fractions were analyzed.The results showed that the total concentration of soil organic matter in rice-wheat treatment was similar to that in fallow treatment,but that in soybean-wheat treatment was lower than fallow treatment.Rice-wheat treatment promoted micro-aggregates to bond into macro-aggregates,and increased mean weight diameter of aggregates.Compared to soybean-wheat treatment,the increase in the concentration of organic matter in occluded fraction was the main factor to improve total organic matter of rice-wheat treatment.High turnover rate and short half-life time of organic matter in rice-wheat treatment soil were beneficial to its turnover and nutrient release.Soybean-wheat treatment destroyed macro-aggregates due to lower input and turnover rate of organic materials,which was not advantageous to turnover and stability of soil organic matter.The correlation analysis proved that the concentration of soil organic matter in bulk soil had positive relationship with those in larger than 1 mm size aggregates,the free state light group and the closed storage state.All these indicated that,in yellow brown soil,rice-wheat rotation can not only maintain the concentration of soil organic matter,but also promote its turnover and soil fertility.Thus,rice-wheat rotation will be a scientific and effective cultivation strategy to maintain sustainable development of agriculture in the future.

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王文俊,乔云发,龙杰琦,钟鑫,苗淑杰.土地利用方式影响黄棕壤有机质周转和分配[J].中国土壤与肥料,2022,(6):9-15.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-02-25
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  • 录用日期:2021-05-25
  • 在线发布日期: 2022-08-08
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