滴灌方式及生物质炭对温室青椒产量品质及 土壤氮转化酶的影响
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作者单位:

(1. 宿州学院环境与测绘工程学院,安徽 宿州 234100;2. 中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所农业农村部节水灌溉工程重点实验室,河南 新乡 453002)

作者简介:

邱虎森(1987-),助理研究员,博士,主要从事农田土壤环境研究,E-mail:qiuhusen2008@163.com。

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基金项目:国家自然科学基金(42007089);宿州学院博士科研启动基金项目(2020BS022,2020BS023); 宿州学院发展基金(2021fzjj26);宿州学院校级重点项目(2020yzd19);安徽省质量工程项目(2020szsfkc1024,2021jyxm1499)。


Effects of drip irrigation patterns and biochar amendment on green pepper yield,quality and soil nitrogen transformational enzyme activities in greenhouse
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(1.School of Environment and Surveying Engineering,Suzhou University,Suzhou Anhui 234100;2.Key Laboratory of Water-Saving Irrigation Engineering,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Farmland Irrigation Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinxiang Henan 453002)

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    摘要:

    滴灌技术因具有节水、节肥等优点在温室蔬菜种植中广泛应用。生物质炭因其特殊的性质,可改善土壤性质,影响作物生长。深入了解滴灌方式和生物质炭对温室蔬菜产量、品质及土壤氮转化酶的综合影响,对提高水肥利用效率、合理灌溉施肥具有重要指导意义。本研究在日光温室设置地表滴灌(D)、插入式地下滴灌(ID)、地表滴灌+10 t·hm-2 生物质炭(D+B)和插入式地下滴灌+10 t·hm-2 生物质炭(ID+B)4 个处理,研究两种滴灌方式下添加生物质炭对土壤性质、青椒产量、品质及土壤氮转化酶活性的影响。结果表明,ID 较D 降低了土壤NO3--N 含量(P<0.05),但增加了土壤水分含量(P<0.05)。生物质炭增加了插入式地下滴灌的土壤NO3--N 含量及地表滴灌的水分含量(P<0.05)。与D 相比,ID 的青椒产量增加11.07%(P<0.05)。地表滴灌条件下,添加生物质炭可提高青椒产量22.59%(P<0.05)。无论添加生物质炭与否,插入式地下滴灌较地表滴灌降低了青椒可溶性糖含量3.22% ~ 7.36%(P<0.05)。生物质炭降低了插入式地下滴灌的维生素C(Vc)含量及地表滴灌的总酸含量(P<0.05),但增加了两种滴灌方式的可溶性糖含量3.33% ~ 7.95%(P<0.05)。由此可见,生物质炭可提高温室青椒的品质。无论添加生物质炭与否,插入式地下滴灌较地表滴灌均显著降低了土壤硝酸还原酶的活性(P<0.05),这可能是由于插入式地下滴灌促进作物根系生长而吸收了土壤矿质态氮,降低了反硝化作用底物。生物质炭增加了脲酶和蛋白酶活性(P<0.05),但降低了插入式下滴灌的土壤硝酸还原酶活性(P<0.05)。综上所述,插入式地下滴灌可提高青椒产量,生物质炭可提高青椒产量及品质,调节土壤氮转化酶活性。

    Abstract:

    Due to the characteristics of saving water and fertilizer,drip irrigation was widely used in greenhouse vegetable planting.Biochar can improve soil properties and plant growth due to its special properties.Understanding deeply on the interactive effects of drip irrigation types and biochar amendment on vegetable yield,quality and soil nitrogen transformational enzyme activity can provide the guidance for increasing use efficiencies of water and fertilizer,and reasonable irrigation and fertilization.In this study,four treatments were arranged in solar greenhouse:(1)surface drip irrigation(D);(2)inserted subsurface drip irrigation(ID);(3)surface drip irrigation+10 t·hm-2 biochar(D+B);(4)inserted subsurface drip irrigation+10 t·hm-2 biochar(ID+B).The results showed that ID reduced soil NO3--N content,but increased soil water content compared to D(P<0.05).Biochar increased soil NO3--N content with inserted subsurface drip irrigation and soil water content with surface drip irrigation(P<0.05).ID increased green pepper yield by 11.70% compared to D(P<0.05).Biochar increased green pepper yield by 22.59% with surface drip irrigation(P<0.05).Compared to surface drip irrigation,inserted subsurface drip irrigation reduced green pepper soluble sugar content by 3.22% ~ 7.36%(P<0.05).Biochar reduced vitamin C content with inserted subsurface drip irrigation and total acid content with surface drip irrigation(P<0.05),but increased soluble sugar contents in both drip irrigation patterns by 3.33% ~ 7.95%(P<0.05).Hence,biochar increased green pepper quality in greenhouse.In comparison with surface drip irrigation,inserted subsurface drip irrigation reduced soil nitrate reductase activities with or without biochar amendment(P<0.05),which may be due to that inserted subsurface drip irrigation promoted the root growth,assimilated soil mineral nitrogen,and thus reduced denitrification substrate.Biochar increased soil urease and protease activities in both drip irrigation patterns(P<0.05),but reduced soil nitrate reductase activity under inserted subsurface drip irrigation(P<0.05).From above,in can be seen that inserted subsurface drip irrigation can increase green pepper yield,and biochar can increase green pepper yield,and regulate soil nitrogen transformational enzyme activity in greenhouse.

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邱虎森,张文正,刘杰云,吕谋超,王钰.滴灌方式及生物质炭对温室青椒产量品质及 土壤氮转化酶的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2022,(9):67-74.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-08-12
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  • 录用日期:2021-10-30
  • 在线发布日期: 2022-11-22
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