To understand the effect of deep vertically rotary tillage on nitrogen transport and potato yield in the black loess soil profile in the arid area of southern Ningxia，a field experiment was carried out in the representative Baicheng Village，Xinying Township，Xiji County.Four tillage treatments were set up，including traditional rotary tillage of 0～20 cm(CT)， and deep vertically rotary tillage of 0～30，0～45，0～60 cm.The nitrate nitrogen，ammonium nitrogen and available phosphorus，available potassium，organic matter content in the soil profile were measured at different growth stages，their change characteristics in the soil profile were analyzed，and the effect of deep vertically rotary tillage on the nitrogen transport and potato yield in the black loess soil was discussed.The results showed that compared with traditional farming，the organic matter，the alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen and available potassium of the deep vertically rotary tillage of 45 cm treatment were significantly increased by 29.18%，22.31% and 28.74%，respectively；the deep vertically rotary tillage of 60 cm treatment increased significantly by 31.24%，27.91% and 44.01%，respectively.Deep vertically rotary tillage led to the downward movement of soil available phosphorus，forming a distribution state of upward reduction(0～20 cm soil layer)and downward increase(20～80 cm soil layer).Under different tillage treatment conditions，nitrate nitrogen mainly distributed in the 0～40 cm soil layer，and the content of ammonium nitrogen was lower in each layer.Deep vertically rotary tillage had retarded movement on the migration of soil nitrogen in the profile，and the migration of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen was obviously weakened.Compared with traditional farming，the nitrogen uptake of potato plants of 30，45 and 60 cm deep vertically rotary tillage cultivation treatments increased by 11.45%，32.90% and 24.61%，and potato yield increased by 27.43%，38.29% and 30.28%，respectively.Therefore，deep vertically rotary tillage significantly improved the fertilization characteristics of dry land and black loess soil，improved the absorption capacity of potatoes，achieved the purpose of increasing production and efficiency and reduced environmental pollution.