The alternate partial root-zone irrigation technology can make full use of biological characteristics，regulate the physiological activities of crops，reduce crop water consumption，and achieve purposes of saving irrigation water and improving water use efficiency.Based on the relevant research at home and abroad，this article discussed the mechanism of alternate partial root-zone irrigation in improving the use efficiency of farmland water and fertilizer use and its impact on crop growth in terms of soil moisture，soil nutrient(nitrogen)，crop growth，yield quality，etc.，and made prospects on key researches in the future.It is expected to provide theoretical support for the further development and enrichment of the theory and technology of alternate partial root-zone irrigation.